What are the categories of hypocrisy?

In Islam, hypocrisy (nifāq) is divided into two main categories:

1. Hypocrisy in Belief (Nifāq Iʿtiqādī): This is the more severe form of hypocrisy, where a person outwardly professes Islam but inwardly rejects it. Hypocrisy in belief places a person outside the fold of Islam because it involves deceit at the level of faith itself. Forms of this hypocrisy include:
   • Denying the truth of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) while claiming belief.
   • Hating any part of what the Prophet brought from Allāh, like the teachings of the Qur’an.
   • Rejoicing in the disgrace or weakness of Islam and wishing for its failure.
   • Showing outward acceptance of Islam but secretly hoping for its downfall or harm.

   This form of hypocrisy is referred to in the Qur’an as a serious sin, with Allāh saying:

2. “Indeed, the hypocrites will be in the lowest depths of the Fire, and never will you find for them a helper.”
   — Surah An-Nisa (4:145)
3. Hypocrisy in Actions and Deeds (Nifāq ʿAmalī): This type does not take a person out of Islam but involves behaviors that are inconsistent with Islamic values and can lead to further deviation if left unchecked. Forms of hypocrisy in actions include:
   • Lying when speaking.
   • Breaking promises or failing to fulfill commitments.
   • Betraying trust.
   • Acting immorally or unfairly in disputes.
   • Behaving treacherously after agreeing to a pact or contract.

The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:

“The signs of a hypocrite are three: when he speaks, he lies; when he makes a promise, he breaks it; and when he is entrusted, he betrays the trust.”
— Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim