Hypocrisy in deeds and actions, or Nifāq ʿAmalī, occurs when a person’s behavior reflects traits that contradict the values of Islam, even though they may still believe in Allāh and the teachings of Islam. This type of hypocrisy does not remove a person from Islam, but it is considered a serious moral failing and a dangerous trait that weakens one’s faith and integrity.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) identified specific signs of hypocrisy in deeds and actions:
- Lying when speaking: Consistently telling lies, which is contrary to the value of truthfulness in Islam.
- Breaking promises: Failing to keep commitments or fulfill promises made to others.
- Betraying trust: Not upholding responsibilities or breaching trust given by others.
- Acting unjustly in disputes: Behaving immorally or unfairly when involved in disagreements or conflicts.
- Behaving treacherously in agreements: Acting dishonorably after agreeing to a contract or pact.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:
“The signs of a hypocrite are three: when he speaks, he lies; when he makes a promise, he breaks it; and when he is entrusted, he betrays the trust.”
— Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim