No, Islam does not promote unprovoked violence.
Islam governs by a primary set of principles (known as maqasid ash-shariah): the preservation of religion, life, intellect, progeny, and property. The value of human life is emphasized in Islam’s sacred texts, the Qur’an and Sunnah. The Qur’an equates a single murder with the killing of humankind at large, and equates saving a single life with rescuing all of humanity. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ defined the faithful as “those most restrained from violence”. Islam even forbids sports that use animals as targets, or involve striking the face of a fellow human being.
But since tyranny and crimes against humanity are an unfortunate fact of the human condition, Islam engages this reality by sometimes allowing physical force as a deterrent, and regulating it with ethical parameters, to ensure the best possible outcome for society and the world.