分类： country

The Federal Republic of Somalia, abbreviated as Somalia, is located on the Somali Peninsula in the easternmost part of the African continent. It has the longest coastline on the continent, with a total area of 637660 square kilometers and a population of 18.14 million (2023), the vast majority of whom are Somali. The country is divided into two major ethnic groups, the Samalai and the Sabu. Its capital is Mogadishu and it is divided into 18 states. [1]
Before the 17th century BC, Somalia established the “Bont” state known for its spice production. In 1941, Somalia was completely colonized by Britain. On July 1, 1960, Somalia established a republic. After the fall of the Siad regime in 1991, Somalia remained in a state of anarchy dominated by warlord armed separatism. Somaliland, located in the northwest, and the central regions of Bontland and southwestern Somalia are all essentially independent. [1]
Somalia is one of the least developed countries. The economy is mainly based on animal husbandry, with a weak industrial foundation. In 2020, Somalia’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 4.918 billion US dollars, with a per capita GDP of 309 US dollars and a GDP growth rate of -1.459%. [1]
On November 24, 2023 local time, Somalia officially became the 8th member state of the East African Community.

Chinese name
Federal Republic of Somalia [1]
Foreign Name
The Federal Republic of Somalia [1] (in English)
Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaliya 14
abbreviation
Somalia
Belonging continent
Africa
Capital City
Mogadishu [1]
major city
Hargeisa, Kismayu, Marka, etc
National Day
July 1st, 1960 [1]
National Anthem
Somalia, get up
Country code
SOM
official language
Somali and Arabic [1]
Currency
Somali shilling [1]
Time Zone
UTC+3
political system
presidential republic
National leaders
Hassan Sheikh Mahmoud 1
population size
18.14 million (2023)
population density
25.3 people per square kilometer 6
Main ethnic groups
Somalis and Arabs
Main religions
Islam (Sunni)
land area
637657 km² [1]
Total GDP
11.515 billion US dollars (2023)
Per Capita GDP
717 USD (2023)
International telephone area code
two hundred and fifty-two
International Domain Abbreviations
.so
Road traffic
Drive on the right side
Main universities
Amadeus University

In 2023, the population is 18.14 million. The vast majority are Somali ethnic groups, divided into two major ethnic groups: Samalai and Sabu. Among them, the Samarai clan accounts for more than 80% of the national population, which is divided into four major tribes: Darud, Haveye, Isaac and Dir. The Sabu ethnic group is divided into two major tribes, Dijir and Rahanwen.

The Republic of Djibouti; Arabic: جمههورイهイجイبوتイ; Djibouti, also known as La R é publique de Djibouti in French, is located on the west coast of the Gulf of Aden in northeastern Africa. It is a key gateway from the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean, bordering Somalia to the southeast, Eritrea to the north, and Ethiopia to the west, southwest, and south. The country covers an area of 23200 square kilometers and is divided into one city and five regions. The capital city of Djibouti has a population of approximately 1.13 million, mainly consisting of the Issa and Afar ethnic groups. [1]
Before the colonial invasion, Djibouti was ruled by three Sudanese kings: Houza, Tajura, and Obok. France began its invasion in 1850 and occupied the entire territory of Djibouti in 1888. In 1896, France established the “French Somalia” colonial government in Djibouti. In 1946, it became a French overseas territory and was renamed as the “French Territory of Afar and Issa” in 1967. The French government granted it actual autonomy. On December 31, 1975, France declared its agreement to Djibouti’s independence. On June 27, 1977, Djibouti declared independence and named itself the Republic of Djibouti.
The strategic position of the Republic of Djibouti is very important. It has the largest military base of the US military in Africa, the largest military base of the French military overseas and the support base of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army. Djibouti is one of the least developed countries in the world, with scarce natural resources, weak industrial and agricultural foundations, and unstable political situation. In 2021, Djibouti’s gross domestic product was 3.371 billion US dollars, with an economic growth rate of 4.3%.

Chinese name
Republic of Djibouti
Foreign Name
The Republic of Djibouti (in English)
La R é publique de Djibouti (French)
جイイتイجمههいرイه (Arabic)
abbreviation
Djibouti
Belonging continent
Africa
Capital City
Djibouti City
major city
Alta, Tajura, etc
National Day
June 27, 1977
National Anthem
《Djibouti》
Country code
DJI
official language
French, Arabic
Currency
DJF
Time Zone
UTC+3
political system
presidential republic
National leaders
Ismail Omar Guelleh (President)
population size
About 1.13 million
population density
42.6 people per square kilometer 5
Main ethnic groups
Isa people, Afar people
Main religions
Islam (Sunni)
land area
23200 km²
Water area ratio
0.09%
Total GDP
3.52 billion US dollars 1
International telephone area code
two hundred and fifty-three
International Domain Abbreviations
.dj
Road traffic
Drive on the right side
Main universities
Djibouti University, Djibouti Medical College

population
According to the statistics of the World Bank, the population of Djibouti will be 988000 in 2020, of which more than 70% will live in cities, 650000 in the capital Djibouti, and the rest will be mainly concentrated in Tajura, the second largest city, and Obok, the third largest city. The natural conditions in rural areas of Jilin are relatively harsh, with few people living there. [7]
As of October 2022, the population is approximately one million. [1]
nationality
The main ethnic groups are the Issa (a branch of the Somali ethnic group), Afar, Isaac, and Gadabusi. The Issa ethnic group accounts for about 50% of the total population and their language is Somali; The Afar ethnic group accounts for 40% and their language is Afar.

Union des Comores (French: Union des Comores); Comoros, also known as the Land of the Moon and the Land of Spices, is an island nation located in the Indian Ocean, at the northern entrance of the Mozambique Channel on the east side of Africa. It is approximately 300 kilometers east and west of Madagascar and Mozambique, respectively. The islands of Grande Comore, Anjouan, Moheil, and Mayotte, which make up Comoros, are known as the four pearls of the western Indian Ocean. With a land area of 2236 square kilometers (including Mayotte), the country is divided into three autonomous islands: Grande Comore, Anjouan, and Moheil. The capital is Moroni, with a population of approximately 870000 (as of 2023), mainly composed of Arab descendants, Kaff, Magoni, Uamacha, and Sakalava.
Before the invasion of Western colonizers, it was ruled by Arab sultans for a long time. In 1841, France invaded Mayotte Island. In 1912, the four islands of Comoros became French colonies. In 1946, it became a French “Overseas Territory”. Obtained internal autonomy in 1961. On July 6, 1975, it gained independence and established the Republic of Comoros, with Ahmed Abdullah serving as its president. On October 22, 1978, the country changed its name to the Islamic Federal Republic of Comoros. In July 1997, Anjouan Island demanded independence from Comoros and became part of France, and declared independence in October. On December 23, 2001, Comoros passed a new constitution draft and decided to establish the Union of Comoros, granting the four islands a high degree of autonomy.
Comoros is a member state of the African Union, Arab League, Indian Council, Indian Ocean Rim Union, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, and Southern African Development Community. Comoros is one of the least developed countries in the world, with agriculture being the backbone of the country’s economy, a backward transportation system, a young and rapidly growing population, and a lack of natural resources. In 2023, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is expected to reach approximately 1.35 billion US dollars, with a GDP growth rate of 2.7% and a per capita GDP of 1587 US dollars. [1]

Chinese name
Comoros Union [1]
Foreign Name
Union of Comoros [1] (in English)
Union des Comores 1
المريّالاتّحاد (Arabic)
abbreviation
Comoros Islands
Belonging continent
Africa
Capital City
Moroni [1]
major city
Grande Comore Island, etc
National Day
July 6, 1975 [1]
National Anthem
《Udzima wa ya Masiwa》
Country code
COM
official language
Comorian, Arabic, French [1]
Currency
Comoros Franc [1]
Time Zone
UTC+3
political system
federalism
National leaders
Azali Asomani (President)
population size
About 870000 (2023)
population density
467.3 people per square kilometer [6]
Main ethnic groups
Arabs, Black Africans
Main religions
Islam
land area
2236 km ² (including Mayotte Island)
Water area ratio
Rounding error
Total GDP
Approximately 1.35 billion US dollars 1
Per Capita GDP
1587 USD 1
International telephone area code
two hundred and sixty-nine
International Domain Abbreviations
.km
Road traffic
Drive on the right side
major airports
Comoros International Airport
Main universities
Comoros University

The population of Comoros is approximately 870000 (as of 2023). It is mainly composed of descendants of Arabs, Kaff, Magoni, Umamacha, and Sakalava. [1]
Comoros is mainly composed of descendants of Arabs, Kaff, Magoni, Uamacha, and Malgash ethnic groups. Some Comorians hold dual French and Comorian citizenship, and there are many Indian expatriates doing business in Comoros.

The Republic of Senegal (La R é publique du S é n é gal), abbreviated as Senegal, is located at the westernmost tip of the protruding region in West Africa, with its capital city being Dakar. It borders Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, Guinea and Guinea Bissau to the south, and the Cape Verde Islands to the west. The coastline is about 700 kilometers long. Dakar, the capital, covers an area of 196722 square kilometers and has a population of 19.06 million. [20] There are more than 20 ethnic groups in China, mainly Wolov (43% of the national population), Pall (24%) and Sherer (15%). There are 14 major regions in China.
The Kingdom of Tekru was established in the 9th century and was conquered by the Mali Empire in the 13th century. In the mid-14th century, the Zholov Kingdom was established, and around the 16th century, it belonged to the Sanghai Empire. From 1444 onwards, it was invaded by Portugal and from the 17th to the 18th century, it was contested by the Netherlands, France, and England. In 1677, France established the colony of Senegal, which was placed under the jurisdiction of French West Africa in 1895. In 1946, it became a French overseas department. In 1958, it became an autonomous republic within the French Community. In 1959, it formed a federation with Mali and withdrew in 1960, becoming an independent republic. [1]
Senegal is one of the least developed countries in the world, an agricultural country with forests accounting for 31% of its total land area. Arable land accounts for about 27%, and peanuts are the most important economic and export crop. Other industries include fishing, mining, manufacturing, and tourism. Senegal’s gross domestic product (GDP) for 2022 is 28.9 billion US dollars, with a per capita GDP of 1880 US dollars and a GDP growth rate of 4.7%.

Chinese name
Republic of Senegal [1]
Foreign Name
The Republic of Senegal (in English)
La R é publique du S é n é gal (French)
abbreviation
Senegal
Belonging continent
Africa
Capital City
Dakar [1]
National Day
April 4th, 1960 [1]
National Anthem
Playing the Qin and Drums
Country code
SEN
official language
French [1]
Currency
African Franc [1]
Time Zone
UTC+0
political system
Semi presidential republic
National leaders
Basilu Diomaye Faye (President), Osman Sonko (Prime Minister)
population size
19.06 million [20]
population density
87.0 people per square kilometer [2] 9
Main ethnic groups
Wolof, Pall, and Cherel tribes [1]
Main religions
Islam
land area
196722 km² [1]
Water area ratio
2.1%
Total GDP
31 billion US dollars (2023)
Per Capita GDP
1746 USD (2023)
International telephone area code
+221
International Domain Abbreviations
.sn
Road traffic
keep to the right
Main universities
university of dakar

population
According to the statistics of the World Bank, Senegal will have a national population of 16.744 million in 2020. Senegal is one of the densely populated countries in West Africa, with an average population density of 82 people per square kilometer. The population distribution in Serbia is uneven, with 84% of the country’s population concentrated in the western and southern regions, while only 16% is in the northeast region. Among them, Dakar and Daes are the most densely populated areas in China, and Dakar has 23% of the population. About 20% of residents frequently migrate and do not have a fixed place of residence. 53.5% of the population lives in rural areas. [11] In 2021, the population was 17.74 million.
nationality
Senegal has more than 20 ethnic groups, mainly including the Wolov (43% of the national population), the Pall (24%) and the Sherer (15%).

Located at 13 ° 28 ‘N and 16 ° 39’ W, along the Atlantic coast of West Africa, it borders the Atlantic Ocean to the west and is tightly surrounded by Senegal to the north, east, and south. The country covers an area of 11295 square kilometers and is divided into the capital city of Banjul and five local administrative districts, with a population of 2.42 million. [17] The main ethnic groups include Mandingo, Fula (also known as Pall), Wolof, Jura, and Serahuri.
In the 15th and 16th centuries, it was invaded by Portugal. Afterwards, British and French colonizers also invaded one after another. In 1783, the Treaty of Versailles transferred both banks of the Gambia River to England and Senegal to France. In 1889, Britain and France reached an agreement to delineate the current borders of The Gambia. Independence occurred on February 18, 1965. [1]
The main international and regional organizations that The Gambia has joined include the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the World Health Organization, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, the International Criminal Police Organization, the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the International Olympic Committee, the Commonwealth, the Non Aligned Movement, the World Tourism Organization, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States, etc. In 2021, The Gambia’s GDP was 1.97 billion US dollars, with a per capita GDP of 787 US dollars.

Chinese name
The Republic of The Gambia [1]
Foreign Name
The Republic of The Gambia [1]
abbreviation
Gambia
Belonging continent
Africa
Capital City
Banjul [1]
major city
Sarakunda, Brichama
National Day
February 18, 1965 [1]
National Anthem
For Our Homeland in The Gambia
Country code
GMB
official language
English [1]
Currency
Dalasi, divided into coins of Butus
Time Zone
UTC+0
political system
presidential republic
National leaders
Adama Barrow (President)
population size
2.42 million [17]
population density
238.8 people per square kilometer 8
Main ethnic groups
Mandingo, Fula, Wolof, Jura, Serahuri [1]
Main religions
Islam [1]
land area
11295 km²
Water area ratio
11.5%
Total GDP
2.2 billion US dollars
Per Capita GDP
815 USD [1]
International telephone area code
two hundred and twenty
International Domain Abbreviations
.gm
Road traffic
keep to the right
National Motto
Progress, Peace, Prosperity
Main universities
The University of The Gambia

2.42 million. The main ethnic groups are: Mandingo (42% of the population), Fula (also known as Pall, 16%), Wolof (16%), Jura (10%), and Serahuri (9%). The official language is English, and the ethnic languages include Mandingo, Wolof, Fula (also known as Pall), and Serahuli. 90% of the residents believe in Islam, while the rest believe in Protestantism, Catholicism, and primitive religions.

The Republic of Guinea; French: La R é publique de Guin é e, or Guinea for short, is located on the west bank of West Africa, bordering Guinea Bissau, Senegal and Mali to the north, C ô te d’Ivoire to the east, Sierra Leone and Liberia to the south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. It covers an area of 245857 square kilometers. There are 7 regions, 1 capital Conakry City (at the same level as the region), 33 provinces, and 304 special regions in the country, with a population of 15.04 million (2022). There are more than 20 ethnic groups in the country, of which Fula (also known as the Pall) accounts for more than 40% of the national population, Malinkai accounts for more than 30%, and Susu accounts for about 20%. [1]
From the 9th to the 15th century, it was part of the Kingdom of Ghana and the Mali Empire. In the 15th century, Portuguese colonizers invaded and in 1885, it was designated as a French sphere of influence by the Berlin Conference. In 1893, it was named French Guinea. In the late 19th century, Samoli Dur established the Kingdom of Urasu and persisted in the struggle against France. On September 28, 1958, through a referendum, he refused to remain within the French Community. On October 2 of the same year, Guinea declared independence and established the Republic of Guinea, with S é gu é Tour é serving as its president. In April 1984, Colonel Lansana Cont é launched a mutiny and established the Second Republic of Guinea. In 1992, several countries switched to a multi-party system.
Guinea is rich in resources, with bauxite ranking first in the world, numerous rivers, and abundant freshwater resources. It is known as the water tower of West Africa and has the highest forest coverage rate in West Africa. It is a member of the World Trade Organization, the Mano River Union, and a signatory to the Second Monetary Area Agreement in West Africa. In 2022, Guinea’s gross domestic product (GDP) will be 18.6 billion US dollars, with a per capita GDP of 1338 US dollars and a GDP growth rate of 4.8%.

Chinese name
Republic of Guinea
Foreign Name
The Republic of Guinea
abbreviation
Guinea
Belonging continent
Africa
Capital City
Conakry
major city
Kangkang
National Day
October 2, 1958
National Anthem
Liberation “(Liberty é)
Country code
GIN
official language
French
Currency
GNF
Time Zone
UTC
political system
presidential republic
National leaders
Mamadi Dunbuya (Transitional President), Mohammad Baiwoji (Transitional Prime Minister)
population size
15.04 million (2022)
population density
53.4 people per square kilometer 8
Main ethnic groups
Fulani, Malinke, Susu
Main religions
Islam
land area
245857 km²
Total GDP
22 billion US dollars 1
Per Capita GDP
1462 USD 1
International telephone area code
00224
International Domain Abbreviations
.gn
Road traffic
keep to the right
Main universities
University of Conakry

15.04 million (2022). There are more than 20 ethnic groups in China, of which Fula (also known as Pall) accounts for more than 33.9% of the national population, Malinkai accounts for more than 30%, and Susu accounts for about 20%. The official language is French. Each ethnic group has its own language, with the main languages being Susu, Malinke, and Fula (also known as Pall language)

The Republic of Sierra Leone, abbreviated as Sierra Leone, has its capital city Freetown and is located in West Africa. It borders Guinea to the north and northeast, Liberia to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and southwest. The total area is 71740 square kilometers and the coastline is 485 kilometers long. It belongs to tropical monsoon climate. As of September 2024, the total population of Sierra Leone is 7.5487 million, with over 20 ethnic groups. The official language is English, and the majority of residents believe in Islam. [1]
The Mandi people entered the region in the 13th century. In 1462, Portuguese colonizers invaded the area. In 1808, the coastal areas of Sierra Leone became a British colony, and in 1896, Sierra Leone became a British “protectorate”. On April 27, 1961, Sierra Leone declared independence but remained within the Commonwealth. On April 19, 1971, Sierra Leone was established as a republic, with Stevens serving as its president. In 1978, a referendum passed the constitution of a one party republic. In 1991, the Revolutionary United Front led by Foday Sankoh launched an armed rebellion, triggering a 10-year civil war. In 2001, with the direct intervention of the United Nations peacekeeping forces, the civil war in Sierra Leone was quelled. [1]
Sierra Leone is one of the least developed countries. The economy is mainly based on agriculture and mining, and food cannot be self-sufficient. The political situation is basically stable, social security is good, and natural resources are abundant. Sierra Leone is a member of international and regional organizations such as the United Nations, UNESCO, the Group of 77, the World Trade Organization, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States, the Commonwealth, and the African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States. In 2023, Sierra Leone’s gross domestic product will be 3.81 billion US dollars, with a per capita gross domestic product of 433.4 US dollars.

Chinese name
Republic of Sierra Leone [1]
Foreign Name
The Republic of Sierra Leone [1]
abbreviation
Sierra Leone
Belonging continent
Africa
Capital City
Freetown
major city
Bocheng, Kenema, Makeni, etc
National Day
April 27, 1961 [1]
National Anthem
We praise you, a free country
Country code
SLE
official language
English [1]
Currency
Leon [1]
Time Zone
UTC+0
political system
presidential republic
National leaders
Julius Motor Bio 2
population size
7.5487 million [1]
population density
105.1 people per square kilometer 1
Main ethnic groups
Mandi, Temna, Limba, Creole
Main religions
Islam, Christianity
land area
71740 km² [1]
Water area ratio
1.1%
Total GDP
3.81 billion US dollars 1
Per Capita GDP
433.4 USD 1
International telephone area code
two hundred and thirty-two
International Domain Abbreviations
.sl
Road traffic
Drive on the right side
Climate
Tropical monsoon climate [1]
inflation rate
27.2% (2022)
foreign exchange reserve
680 million US dollars (2022)
Main universities
University of Sierra Leone, University of Ngara

According to official statistics, the total population of Sierra Leone in 2023 is approximately 8.79 million, with a population growth rate of 2.1% and an average age of around 19 years old. Urban residents account for 45.1%. From a regional perspective, Northern Province has the largest population, followed by Eastern Province, Western Province, and Southern Province. From an urban perspective, the population is mostly concentrated in the major cities and transportation hubs of Serbia, with the capital city of Freetown having the largest population, with over a million permanent residents.

The Republic of Mali (La R é publique du Mali), abbreviated as Mali, is a landlocked country in West Africa. It borders Algeria to the north, Niger to the east, Burkina Faso and Cote d’Ivoire to the south, Guinea to the southwest, and Mauritania and Senegal to the west. It is the second largest country in West Africa, with Bamako as its capital. The country has a land area of 1.24 million square kilometers and a population of 23.67 million (2023). There are 23 ethnic groups in the country, which is divided into 10 regions and 1 central jurisdiction.
It was once the central region of the Ghana Empire, Mali Empire, and Sanghai Empire. In 1895, it became a French colony and was called French Sudan. In 1904, it was incorporated into French West Africa. [1] In 1958, it became an autonomous republic within the French Community and was named the Republic of Sudan. In 1959, it formed the Mali Federation with Senegal. On September 22, 1960, it became an independent republic. The Second Republic was established in 1979, and the Third Republic was established in 1992. [1]
Mali is one of the least developed countries in the world, and agriculture, animal husbandry, and fisheries are the main potential for Mali’s economic development. In 2022, Mali’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 18.83 billion US dollars, with a per capita GDP of 833.3 US dollars and a GDP growth rate of 3.7%.

Chinese name
Republic of Mali
Foreign Name
La R é publique du Mali (French)
Republic of Mali (English)
abbreviation
Mali
Belonging continent
Africa
Capital City
Bamako [1]
major city
Kai, Kurikro, Xigaso Segu, etc
National Day
September 22, 1960 [1]
National Anthem
For Africa and for you, Mali
Country code
MLI
official language
13 ethnic languages (including Bambara, Popo, Dogon, and Minianka)
Currency
West African Franc [1]
Time Zone
UTC+0
political system
republic
National leaders
Asimi Goita (Transitional President)
population size
23.67 million (2023)
population density
16.6 people per square kilometer 5
Main ethnic groups
Bambara people, Pall people, Senufu people, Sarakauli people
Main religions
Islam, fetishism
land area
1240000 km²
Water area ratio
1.6%
Total GDP
18.83 billion US dollars 1
Per Capita GDP
833.3 USD 1
International telephone area code
two hundred and twenty-three
International Domain Abbreviations
.ml
Road traffic
Drive on the right side
Central bank
Central Bank of West African States
National Motto
One nation, one goal, one faith
Main universities
Sankor University

According to the World Bank, in 2020, the population of Mali was 20.25 million (according to data from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 20.3 million); Among them, males and females account for 50.1% and 49.9% respectively. The urbanization rate is 44%. In recent years, the population of Mali has grown rapidly. According to the latest statistics from the World Bank, the population growth rate in 2020 was 2.97%. The population structure of Mali is becoming younger, with 48.03% of the population aged 14 and below, 48.95% aged 15-64, and only 3.02% aged 65 and above. The population density varies greatly among the major regions of Mali, with the Sikasso region having the highest population in the country and the Northern Kidal region having the lowest population. The total population of the capital Bamako is 2.71 million (2020), ranking second. The cities with larger populations are Bamako, Sikasso, Segou, Koulikoro, Kaye, Kutiana, etc. In 2022, the population of Mali was 22.4 million. [1]
Mali is a multi tribal country with 23 ethnic groups, mainly including Banbara (34% of the national population), Pall (11%), Senufu (9%) and Salakale (8%).

The Republic of Niger (La R é publique du Niger) is located in central and western Africa, abbreviated as Niger. It is an inland country on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert, bordering Algeria and Libya to the north, Nigeria and Benin to the south, Mali and Burkina Faso to the west, and Chad to the east. The country has a land area of 1267000 square kilometers and a population of 27.07 million (2023). There are five major ethnic groups in the country: Hausa, Zema Sanghai, Pall, Tuareg, and Kanuri. The capital is Niamey, and the country is divided into seven regions and one regional city. [2]
No unified dynasty has ever been formed in history. From the 7th to the 16th century, the northwest belonged to the Sanghai Empire. From the 8th to the 18th century, the eastern region belonged to the Bornu Empire. At the end of the 18th century, the Pall people established the Pall Empire in the central region. In 1904, it became a French West African territory. In 1922, it became a French colony. Obtained semi autonomous status in 1957. On December 18, 1958, it became an autonomous republic within the French Community. In July 1960, it withdrew from the French Community and officially declared independence on August 3. On March 26, 2025 local time, the leader of the military government and head of state of Niger, Chanani, signed a decree promulgating the transitional charter “Niger Reconstruction Charter”, granting Chanani the title of President of Niger. [27]
Niger is mainly engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry, and is one of the least developed countries listed by the United Nations. In 2022, Niger’s gross domestic product (GDP) was 13.97 billion US dollars, with a per capita GDP of 533 US dollars and a GDP growth rate of 11.5%.

Chinese name
Republic of Niger [1]
Foreign Name
The Republic of Niger [1]
La R é publique du Niger (French)
abbreviation
Niger
Belonging continent
Africa
Capital City
Niamey [1]
National Day
December 18, 1958
National Anthem
The Song of Niger
Country code
NER
official language
French [1]
Currency
CFA Franc
Time Zone
UTC+1
political system
presidential republic
National leaders
Abdulrahman Ciani (Head of State), Lamin Zene Ali Mahaman [8] (Transitional Prime Minister and Minister of Economy and Finance)
population size
27.07 million (2023)
population density
19.1 people per square kilometer 6
Main ethnic groups
Hausa, Tuareg, and Pall tribes
Main religions
Islam, fetishism
land area
1267000 km² [1]
Total GDP
17.07 billion US dollars (2023)
Per Capita GDP
630 USD (2023)
International telephone area code
two hundred and twenty-seven
International Domain Abbreviations
.ne
Road traffic
Drive on the right side
Main universities
Niamey Comprehensive University, Islamic University

The Federal Republic of Nigeria, abbreviated as Nigeria, is a country located at 6 ° 27’N, 3 ° 24’E in southeastern West Africa, at the apex of the west coast of the Gulf of Guinea. Its neighboring countries include Benin to the west, Niger to the north, Chad across Lake Chad to the northeast, Cameroon to the east and southeast, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south. It has a land area of 923768 square kilometers and a population of 227 million (as of 2024), with over 250 ethnic groups. Its capital is Abuja, and the country is divided into one Federal Capital Region and 36 states.
Nigeria is an ancient civilization in Africa. In the 8th century AD, the Zaghawa nomadic tribe established the Kanem Bornu kingdom around Lake Chad, which lasted for over a thousand years. Starting from the 10th century, the Yoruba people established kingdoms such as Ife, Oyo, and Benin in the lower reaches of the Niger River. Around the 11th century, the Hausa tribe established seven castle kingdoms in the northern region of Nepal, also known as the “Hausa Seven States”. In the 16th century, they were conquered by the Sanghai Empire in the west. In 1472, Portugal invaded. In the mid-16th century, Britain invaded. In 1914, it officially became a British colony. On October 1, 1960, it declared independence and became a member of the Commonwealth. The Federal Republic of Nigeria was established on October 1, 1963. [1]
Nigeria is the largest oil producing country in Africa and the sixth largest oil exporting country in the world. It is a member of international organizations such as the United Nations, the Non Aligned Movement, the Group of 77, the World Trade Organization, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, the African Union, and the Economic Community of West African States. Nigeria is the largest economy in Africa, with a GDP of $390 billion and a per capita GDP of $1760 in 2023, with a GDP growth rate of 2.9%. [1]
On May 29, 2023 local time, Bora Tinubu was officially sworn in as the President of Nigeria. [6]
In January 2025, Nigeria officially became a BRICS partner country.

Chinese name
Federal Republic of Nigeria [1]
Foreign Name
The Federal Republic of Nigeria
abbreviation
Nigeria
Belonging continent
Africa
Capital City
Abuja [1]
major city
Lagos and others
National Day
October 1, 1960
National Anthem
Get Up, Nigerians Listen to the Call
Country code
NGA
official language
English [1]
Currency
Nara [1]
Time Zone
UTC+1
political system
federalism
National leaders
Bora Tinub 1
population size
227 million (2024)
Main ethnic groups
Hausa Fulani, Yoruba, Igbo
Main religions
Islam, Christianity
land area
923800 km² [1]
Water area ratio
1.4%
Total GDP
374.9 billion US dollars (2023)
Per Capita GDP
1690 USD (2023)
International telephone area code
two hundred and thirty-four
International Domain Abbreviations
.ng
Road traffic
keep to the right
The largest city
LAGOS
Main universities
Lagos University, Ibadan University, etc

The capital of Nigeria, Abuja, is located within the territory of Niger State and is a place where the small tribe of the Gewali people live. It is the intersection of Niger State, Kaduna State, Plateau State, and Kwara State, about 500 kilometers away from Lagos, and is the geographical center of the country. It is located on the southwestern edge of the central plateau, in a hilly area of tropical grasslands, with a sparse population, fresh air, and beautiful scenery.
In 1975, the Mohammed military government proposed the construction of a new capital. In October 1979, the civilian government of Shaqali officially approved the design blueprint for the new capital Abuja and began the first phase of construction. Officially relocated from Lagos in December 1991. The population is about 6 million. The average maximum temperature is 35 ℃ and the average minimum temperature is 15 ℃.
major city
Nguni, Maiduguri, Kano, Katsina, Sokoto, Zaria, Kaduna, Jos, Bauchi, Yola, Abuja, Makurdi, Enugu, Aba, Calabar, Port Harcourt, Warri, Benin City, Lagos, Iba Ibadan, Oshogbo, Ogbomosho, Ilorin

In 2020, the total population of Nigeria will be about 206 million, making Nigeria the largest country in Africa. The total labor force is about 62.24 million, accounting for 30.2% of the total population. The population distribution in Nigeria is uneven, with a larger population in the southern rainforest and northern grassland areas, especially in the southern coastal and delta regions. Although they account for 20% of the total land area, they are home to nearly half of the country’s population; The population in the central region is relatively sparse. The cities with relatively concentrated population distribution are Lagos, Kano, Ibadan, and Abuja. [4]
In 2023, the population is 222 million. [1]
nationality
Nigeria is a multi-ethnic country with more than 250 indigenous ethnic groups, including more than 20 large tribes with large population. The largest tribes are Hausa, Fulani (also known as Hausa Fulani), Yoruba and Ibo, accounting for 29%, 21% and 18% of the national population respectively. In addition, there are a small number of British, Indo Pakistani and Asian Americans in Nigeria.