分类： country

The State of Qatar, abbreviated as Qatar, is located on the Qatar Peninsula on the southwest coast of the Persian Gulf, with its capital in Doha. It belongs to a tropical desert climate, with low and flat terrain throughout the country, and abundant oil and natural gas resources. The total area is 11521 square kilometers, with a coastline of 563 kilometers. There is no clear provincial administrative division, and the country is divided into 9 regions centered around some major cities. The total population of Qatar is 2.79 million, [40] belonging to the Arab ethnic group. Islam is the state religion of Qatar, and the majority of its residents practice Islam. Arabic is the official language, and English is also widely used locally.
In the 7th century AD, Qatar was part of the Arab Empire. From 1517 to 1776, it was successively ruled by Portugal, the Netherlands, and England. In 1846, Sani bin Mohammed established the Emirate of Qatar. In 1872, it was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire’s territory. In 1882, Britain invaded and declared the region as a “protected area” of Britain. In 1970, the first interim constitution was promulgated, which established Qatar as an independent monarchy with Islam as the state religion. On September 3, 1971, Qatar officially declared independence. [5]
The pillar industries of Qatar’s economy are oil and gas, as well as the related petrochemical industry. It is the world’s largest producer and exporter of liquefied natural gas, with abundant revenue from oil and gas exports. Implementing the strategy of economic diversification, stable economic growth prospects, increasingly improved business environment, modern infrastructure such as roads, subways, airports, ports, and communications, good social security conditions, and high degree of marketization. Qatar is a member of international and regional organizations such as the United Nations, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, the League of Arab States, the Gulf Cooperation Council, and the World Trade Organization. It is also a member of the World Gas Exporting Countries Forum and the headquarters of the forum. In 2023, Qatar’s GDP will be 246.36 billion US dollars, with a per capita GDP of 84900 US dollars.

Chinese name
State of Qatar [1]
Foreign Name
The State of Qatar [1]
دولةقطر (Arabic)
abbreviation
Qatar
Belonging continent
Asia
Capital City
Doha [1]
National Day
December 18, 1878 [1]
National Anthem
The Hymn of Peace
Country code
QAT
official language
Arabic [1]
Currency
Qatari Riyal [1]
Time Zone
UTC+3
political system
absolute monarchy
National leaders
Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (Emir), Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani [1] (Prime Minister)
population size
3.09 million
population density
258.6 people per square kilometer (February 2023)
Main ethnic groups
Arab
Main religions
Islam (Sunni)
land area
11521 km² [1]
Total GDP
246.36 billion US dollars (2023)
Per Capita GDP
84900 USD (2023)
International telephone area code
nine hundred and seventy-four
International Domain Abbreviations
.qa
Road traffic
Drive on the right side
Main universities
Qatar University
airport
Hamad international airport

As of October 2023, the population of Qatar is 3.09 million, of which Qatari citizens account for approximately 15%. Foreigners mainly come from India, Pakistan, and Southeast Asian countries.
10:20
What kind of country is Qatar? A 10 minute video will take you through it!
From the perspective of nationality distribution, Qatari citizens account for about 15%, while the foreign population accounts for about 85%. The foreign population mainly comes from South and Southeast Asian countries such as India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and the Philippines, as well as Arab countries such as Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria. The proportion of urban population to the total population is 99.34%, while the proportion of rural population is only 0.76%. Nearly 54% of Qatar’s population is concentrated within the administrative district of Doha, the capital. The population of Al Rayyan, Al Wakra, Al Khor, and Dhekra administrative districts near the capital are also relatively concentrated, accounting for 25%, 12%, and 8% respectively.

The Kingdom of Bahrain (Arabic: مملةالبحرين, English: The Kingdom of Bahrain) is located in the southwest of the Persian Gulf, between Qatar and Saudi Arabia, and is connected to Saudi Arabia by a sea crossing bridge. [4] It is an island nation consisting of 33 islands, with its capital in Manama. [3] The land area is 786.5 square kilometers and the territorial sea is 7482.5 square kilometers. It belongs to the tropical desert climate. The official language is Arabic, and English is commonly used. As of June 2024, the total population of Bahrain is 1.5887 million, with the majority of residents practicing Islam. [4]
In 3000 BC, Bahrain had already established a city, and in ancient literature from the Mesopotamian region, Bahrain was referred to as “Dilmon”. Bahrain is the birthplace of the ancient Dilmun civilization. [5] The Phoenicians arrived here in 1000 BC, and in the 7th century AD, Bahrain became part of the Arab Empire and was under the jurisdiction of the province of Basra. [3] From 1507 to 1602, it was occupied by the Portuguese. From 1602 to 1782, it was under the rule of the Persian Empire. In 1783, independence was declared. In 1820, Britain invaded Bahrain and forced it to sign the “Persian Gulf Peace Treaty”. In 1880, it became a British protectorate. In March 1971, Britain announced that all treaties it had signed with the Persian Gulf emirates would terminate at the end of the same year. On August 15, 1971, Bahrain declared independence and established the State of Bahrain. In 2002, Bahrain announced the establishment of an Islamic constitutional monarchy and renamed it the Kingdom of Bahrain. [4]
The Kingdom of Bahrain was the first country in the Gulf region to discover and extract oil, with oil and petrochemicals being its pillar industries. [3] Adhere to a policy of free economy, actively promote economic diversification strategy, and reduce excessive dependence on the oil and gas industry. Bahrain has a stable political situation, relatively sound laws, good social security, and a convenient business environment. [4] It is one of the financial centers in the Gulf region. [3] It is a member state of international and regional organizations such as the United Nations and the League of Arab States. [4] In 2023, the gross domestic product will be 36.089 billion US dollars.

literary fame
Kingdom of Bahrain [1]
Foreign Name
The Kingdom of Bahrain [1]
ملكةالبحرين (Arabic)
abbreviation
Bahrain
Belonging continent
Asia
Capital City
Manama [1]
National Day
August 15, 1971
National Anthem
Our Bahrain
Country code
BHR
official language
Arabic [1]
Currency
Bahrain Dinar, subsidiary currency Fers
Time Zone
UTC+3
political system
Binary constitutional monarchy
National leaders
Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa 4, Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa [4] (Crown Prince and Prime Minister)
population size
1.5887 million [3] (June 2024)
population density
1997.4 people per square kilometer [4] (October 2024)
Main ethnic groups
Arab
Main religions
Islam (Shia)
land area
786.5 km² [2]
land area
786.5 km² [2]
Ocean area
7482.5 km² [2]
Total GDP
36.089 billion US dollars 4
Per Capita GDP
22900 USD 4
International telephone area code
nine hundred and seventy-three
International Domain Abbreviations
.bh
Road traffic
Drive on the right side
currency conversion
1 Dinar=1000 Fers
Main universities
Bahrain University, Arabian Gulf University

population size
As of June 2024, the population of Bahrain reached 1.5887 million, with Bahraini people accounting for 46.8% and non Bahraini people accounting for 53.2%. Among the population of Bahrain, the age group of 35 to 39 has the highest proportion at 13.16%, followed by the age group of 30 to 34 at 11.5%. 34.66% of the country’s population resides in the capital city of Manama. There are about 3000 Chinese people in Bahrain, mainly residing in the areas near the capital city of Manama and Diya Muharraq Bahrain Dragon City. [3]
ethnic groups
The majority of Bahrain’s indigenous people are descendants of Arabs, with a few being descendants of Iranians and Jews. [3]
language
Arabic is the official language. General English is widely used, especially in the field of business activities. Some people also use Persian and Urdu. [3]
religious belief
Islam is the state religion, with 85% of residents practicing Islam, the majority of whom are Shia. The rest believe in Christianity, Judaism, etc.

The the Arab Republic of Egypt (Arabic: ج م ه و ي م ص ص ص ي), referred to as “Egypt”, is the capital of Cairo, spanning Asia and Africa. Most of it is located in northeast Africa, bordering Libya to the west, Sudan to the south, the Red Sea to the east, Palestine and Israel to the east, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north. The northern coastal areas have a Mediterranean climate, while the rest of the region has a tropical desert climate. Composed of plains, valleys, and plateaus, the main resources are oil and gas resources, as well as iron ore. The total area is 1000145 square kilometers, with a coastline of about 2900 kilometers, and the country is divided into 27 provinces. As of June 2024, the total population of Egypt is approximately 106 million, mainly practicing Islam, with the majority being the Eastern Hams, and the official language being Arabic. [5-6]
Egypt is one of the four ancient civilizations in the world. In 3200 BC, Menes unified Egypt and established the first slave state, which went through the early kingdom, ancient kingdom, middle kingdom, new kingdom, and post dynastic periods. The productivity of the New Kingdom significantly improved and began to expand outward, becoming a military empire. During the post dynastic period, there were internal and external troubles, leading to a decline in national strength. In 525 BC, Egypt became a province of the Persian Empire. Over the next thousand years, Egypt was successively conquered by Greece and Rome. In 641, the Arabs invaded and Egypt gradually Arabized, becoming an important center of Islam. In 1517, it became a province of the Ottoman Empire. In 1882, after the British occupation, it became a British “protectorate”. On February 28, 1922, Britain declared Egypt an independent country. On June 18, 1953, the Republic of Egypt was established. On September 1, 1971, it was renamed the the Arab Republic of Egypt. [5]
Egypt is the headquarters of the League of Arab States and a member of the African Union, playing an important role in Arab, African, and international affairs. Egypt is the third largest economy in Africa, with an open market economy and a relatively complete industrial, agricultural, and service system. In 2021, Egypt’s gross domestic product was $385.58 billion.

Chinese name
the Arab Republic of Egypt
Foreign Name
The Arab Republic of Egypt (in English)
جمهورية مصرالイة (Arabic)
abbreviation
Egypt
Belonging continent
Africa, Asia
Capital City
Cairo
major city
Alexandria, Ismailia, Port Said, Sharm El Sheikh, Luxor, Aswan, etc
National Day
July 23rd
National Anthem
My Motherland
Country code
EGY
official language
Arabic
Currency
egyptian pound
Time Zone
UTC+2
political system
presidential republic
National leaders
Abdul Fattah el Sisi (President), Mustafa Madbury (Prime Minister)
population size
Approximately 106 million [5] (as of June 2024)
population density
104.7 people per square kilometer 5
Main ethnic groups
Eastern Hamm tribe [34]
Main religions
Islam (Sunni), Christianity (Coptic Church)
land area
1001449 km²
Water area ratio
0.632%
Total GDP
369.1 billion US dollars (2023)
Per Capita GDP
$3780 (2023)
International telephone area code
twenty
International Domain Abbreviations
.eg
Road traffic
keep to the right
Main universities
Cairo University, Alexandria University, etc
Color taboos
Dark light color, purple
national flower
lotus
national bird
Eagle
state structure
Unitary system
main rivers
the Nile
Geographical highest point
Catherine Mountain (altitude 2642 meters)
Alias
Misl [33]

As of June 2024, the total population of Egypt is 106 million, concentrated in the Nile Delta and coastal areas. Among them, Cairo Province has 10.33 million people, Giza Province has 9.62 million people, Eastern Province has 8 million people, and Alexandria Province has 5.59 million people. As of the first quarter of 2024, the labor force in Egypt is 31.4 million, accounting for about 30% of the total population, of which approximately 3.87 million are employed in the manufacturing industry. In 2022, there will be approximately 122100 graduates with a bachelor’s degree or higher from Egyptian universities. There are about 20000 overseas Chinese in Egypt, mainly concentrated in Cairo, Alexandria, the Suez Canal Economic Zone, and other places. [6]
06:22
Egypt | Civilization and Challenges Along the Nile River from a Geographic Perspective
The main ethnic group of Egypt is the Oriental Ham (Egyptian Arabs, Copts, Bedouins, Berbers), accounting for 99% of the total population, while Nubians, Greeks, Armenians, descendants of Italians and French people account for 1%.

The Republic of Sudan (Arabic: جمهورية السودان); The Republic of the Sudan, abbreviated as Sudan, is located in northeastern Africa, along the Red Sea coast, at the eastern end of the Sahara Desert. With a land area of 1882000 square kilometers, it is the third largest country in Africa and the 15th largest country in the world in terms of area. The capital Khartoum has 18 states and a population of approximately 49.14 million (as of 2023). The main ethnic groups include Arabs, Beja, Fur, Nuba, and Black, with Arabs accounting for 70%. [1]
Sudan has a long history and has been the ancestral home of Nubians for generations. [1] From 2800 BC to 1000 BC, it was part of ancient Egypt. Around 950 BC, it gained independence from Egyptian rule and established the Kingdom of Kush, which ruled Egypt at its peak. In the 7th century AD, a large number of Arabs migrated in, and in the 15th century, the Kingdom of Fingi emerged. In the 17th century, the Fur people established the Kingdom of Cordoba and the Sultanate of Darfur. In the 1870s, British influence expanded from Egypt to Sudan. In 1899, Sudan was jointly governed by Britain and Egypt. Co administration was abolished in 1951. On January 1, 1956, it gained independence as the Republic of Sudan. In 1969, it was renamed the Democratic Republic of Sudan, and in 1985 it was renamed the Republic of Sudan again. [1]
Sudan is listed as one of the world’s least developed countries by the United Nations, with a single economic structure, weak foundation, backward industry, and strong dependence on natural environment and foreign aid. In 2022, Sudan’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is $46.7 billion, with a per capita GDP of $592.

Chinese name
Republic of Sudan [1]
Foreign Name
جمهورية السودان (Arabic)
Republic of the Sudan [1] (in English)
Sudan
abbreviation
Sudan
Belonging continent
Africa
Capital City
Khartoum [1]
major city
Port Sudan, North Khartoum, Entuman, etc. [1]
National Day
January 1, 1956
National Anthem
We are the army of Allah and our land
Country code
SDN
official language
Arabic [1]
Currency
Sudanese Pound [1]
Time Zone
UTC+2
political system
presidential republic
National leaders
Abdul Fattah Abdulrahman Burhan [1] (Chairman of the Sovereign Council, the highest authority of the Republic of Sudan)
population size
Approximately 49.4 million 18
population density
24.8 people per square kilometer 2
Main ethnic groups
Nubians and Arabs [1]
Main religions
Islam 1
land area
1882000 km²
Total GDP
25.7 billion US dollars (2023)
Per Capita GDP
536 USD (2023)
International telephone area code
two hundred and forty-nine
International Domain Abbreviations
sd
Road traffic
Drive on the right side
Main universities
University of Khartoum

In 2022, the population of Sudan will be about 46.68 million. [1]
Sudan is a region where multiple ethnic groups intersect, with the main ethnic groups including Arabs, Beja, Fur, Nuba, and Black people, among whom Arabs account for 70%. Arabs mainly live in the central, northern, and northeastern regions of Sudan, occupying a dominant position in Sudan’s political, economic, and social life. The Beja people mainly live in the eastern region of Sudan, the Fur people live in the Darfur region, and black people mainly live in the southern and partially northwestern regions of Sudan.

Libya, also known as Libya, is a country in North Africa located on the southern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, adjacent to Egypt, Sudan, Chad, Niger, Algeria, and Tunisia. Covering an area of 1.76 million square kilometers, the capital city is Tripoli, with a population of 7.2 million (as of 2023), mainly composed of Arabs, followed by Berbers. The country is divided into 22 provinces and 3 regions. [1]
In the 3rd century BC, Libyans established a unified Kingdom of Numidia in their struggle against the rule of the Carthaginian Empire. [1] In the 7th century, the Arabs defeated the Byzantines, conquered the Berbers, and brought Arab culture and Islam. [1] In the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire captured Tripolitania (now western Libya) and Cyrenaica, taking control of the coastal areas. [1] In 1912, Libya became an Italian colony after the Italian Turkish War. [1] In early 1943, France and Britain respectively occupied southern and northern Libya. After World War II, the United Nations exercised jurisdiction over all of Libya’s territory. On December 24, 1951, Libya declared independence and established the federal United Kingdom of Libya, which was later renamed the Kingdom of Libya. [1] On September 1, 1969, the “Free Officers Organization” led by Gaddafi launched a coup, overthrew the Idris dynasty, and established the Libyan Arab Republic. In March 1977, the country changed its name to the Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Republic. In April 1986, the country changed its name to the Great Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Republic. In 2011, the Gaddafi regime was overthrown. In May 2013, the country was named Libya. [1] After the overthrow of the Gaddafi government, Libya fell into a long-term state of division and turmoil, with declining national strength, ineffective governance, and outdated infrastructure. [24]
Libya is still in a transitional period, with political turmoil and frequent violent incidents. In 2022, Libya’s gross domestic product (GDP) was 38.8 billion US dollars, with a per capita GDP of 5465 US dollars and a GDP growth rate of -5.5%.

Chinese name
Libya [1]
Foreign Name
State of Libya [1]
(Arabic)
abbreviation
Libya
Belonging continent
Africa
Capital City
Tripoli [1]
major city
Benghazi, Sirte, Ajdabiya, Tobruk, etc. [1]
National Day
December 24, 1951 [1]
National Anthem
Libya, Libya, Libya
Country code
LBY
official language
Arabic [1]
Currency
Libyan Dinar [1]
Time Zone
UTC+2
political system
presidential republic
National leaders
Manfi [20] (Chairman of the Libyan Presidential Council)
population size
7.2 million (2023)
population density
3.9 people per square kilometer 9
Main ethnic groups
Arabs and Berbers [1]
Main religions
Islam 1
land area
1760000 km² [1]
Total GDP
$44.1 billion (2023)
Per Capita GDP
6125 USD (2023)
International telephone area code
two hundred and eighteen
International Domain Abbreviations
.ly
Road traffic
Drive on the right side
The largest city
tripoli
Alias
Desert Kingdom
national flower
pomegranate flowers

7.2 million (2023), mainly Arabs, followed by Berbers. Arabic is the national language. The vast majority of residents believe in Islam.

The Republic of Tunisia (la R é publique Tunisienne), abbreviated as Tunisia, is located in the capital city of Tunis. Located at the northern end of Africa, it borders Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east, and Italy across the Tunisian Strait. The total area is 162000 square kilometers, and the coastline is 1300 kilometers long. The northern region has a Mediterranean climate, while the southern region has a tropical desert climate. The country is divided into 24 provinces, with 264 administrative regions and 350 cities. As of 2023, the total population of Tunisia is 12.24 million, with over 90% being Arabs. Arabic is the national language and French is commonly used. Islam is the state religion, mainly Sunni. [1]
In the early 9th century BC, the Phoenicians established the city of Carthage along the coast of the Gulf of Tunis, which later developed into a slave based power. In 146 BC, it became part of the Roman Empire’s province of Africa. In the 5th and 6th centuries AD, it was successively occupied by the Vandals and Byzantines. In 703, Tunisia was conquered by Arab Muslims. In the 13th century, the Hafsid dynasty established a powerful Tunisian state. In 1574, it became a province of the Ottoman Empire of Türkiye. In 1881, it became a French protectorate. On March 20, 1956, France recognized Tunisia’s independence. On July 25, 1957, the Tunisian Constituent Assembly passed a resolution to depose the king and declare the establishment of the Republic of Tunisia, with Bourguiba as the first president. [1]
Tunisia combines the triple attributes of Africa, Arabia, and the Mediterranean, possessing ancient civilization and Mediterranean culture. Give equal importance to industry, agriculture, and service industries in the economy. The industry is mainly focused on phosphate mining, processing, and textile industry. Olive oil is the main agricultural product for export earnings. The tourism industry is relatively developed and plays an important role in the economy. Tunisia has a stable political and social situation, sound laws, inclusive and open society, attaches great importance to education, and has abundant human resources with higher education. In 2024, Tunisia’s gross domestic product will be 52.64 billion US dollars

Chinese name
Republic of Tunisia [1]
Foreign Name
The Republic of Tunisia [1] (in English)
La R é publique Tuning (French)
الجمهنسイة (Arabic)
abbreviation
Tunisia
Belonging continent
Africa
Capital City
Tunis City [1]
major city
Suse, Bizerte, Keruwan, Nabule, Jerba Island, etc. [1]
National Day
March 20, 1956 [1]
National Anthem
Defender of the Motherland
Country code
TUN
official language
Arabic [1]
Currency
Tunisian Dinar [1]
Time Zone
UTC+1
political system
republic
National leaders
Keith Said 2, Kamal Maduri [10] (Prime Minister)
population size
12.24 million (2023)
population density
76.8 people per square kilometer 5
Main ethnic groups
Arabs and Berbers [1]
Main religions
Islam 1
land area
162000 km² [1]
Water area ratio
5%
Total GDP
52.64 billion US dollars 22
Per Capita GDP
$4270 22
International telephone area code
two hundred and sixteen
International Domain Abbreviations
.tn
Road traffic
Drive on the right side
Main universities
Tunisian universities such as Manal and Manuba

12.24 million (2023) [22], with over 90% being Arabs and the rest being Berbers.

The People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria, abbreviated as “Algeria” (Arabic: الجزائرal Jaz ā ʼ ir, French: Alg é rie), is a country in the Maghreb region of northern Africa. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Libya and Tunisia to the east, Niger, Mali, and Mauritania to the southeast and south, and Morocco to the west. Algeria has the largest land area among African countries, Mediterranean countries, and Arab countries, ranking 10th in the world with a population of 46.63 million (2024). Most of the population is Arab, followed by Berbers (about 20% of the total population), with a land area of 2.38 million square kilometers. Its capital is Algiers, and the country is divided into 58 provinces. [1]
The name Algeria comes from the city name and capital city Algiers, which means “archipelago” in Arabic, referring to the four islands that used to be located in the bay of the city. After 1525, these four islands gradually merged with the mainland. [1] The Berber Kingdom was established in the 3rd century BC. It became a province of ancient Rome in 146 BC. In 702, it was conquered by the Arabs. In the 16th century, it became a province of the Ottoman Empire. [1] Soon after, Spain, Portugal, France and other countries invaded successively. In 1830, France occupied Algiers, and in 1905, it occupied the entire territory. On September 19, 1958, the Provisional Government of the Republic was declared established. Independence was declared on July 3, 1962. [1]
Algeria ranks fourth in terms of economic scale in Africa, only behind South Africa, Nigeria, and Egypt. Oil and natural gas are the pillars of the Afghan national economy. Algeria has the fifth largest natural gas reserves in the world and is the second largest natural gas exporting country in the world. The oil reserves rank 15th in the world, with a GDP of 260.1 billion US dollars and a per capita GDP of 5580 US dollars in 2024. The economic growth rate is 3.8%, and the inflation rate is 5.3%.

Chinese name
People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria [1]
Foreign Name
People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria (in English)
الجزائرal Jaz ā ʼ ir (Arabic)
abbreviation
Algeria
Belonging continent
Africa
Capital City
Algiers [1]
major city
Oran, Constantine, Annaba, etc. [1]
National Day
November 1st [1]
National Anthem
The Oath (Kassaman)
Country code
DZA
official language
Arabic [1]
Currency
Algerian Dinar [1]
Time Zone
UTC+1
political system
presidential republic
National leaders
Abdul Majid Teben (President), Mohammad Nazir al Albawi [17] (Prime Minister)
population size
46.63 million 29
population density
18.4 people per square kilometer [8]
Main ethnic groups
Arabs and Berbers [1]
Main religions
Islam 1
land area
2380000 km²
Total GDP
260.1 billion US dollars (2024)
Per Capita GDP
5580 USD (2024)
International telephone area code
two hundred and thirteen
International Domain Abbreviations
DZ
Road traffic
Drive on the right side
Climate Type
Mediterranean climate and tropical desert climate
Main universities
University of Algiers, University of Constantine, etc

45.6 million (2023). Most of them are Arabs, followed by Berbers (accounting for about 20% of the total population). The ethnic minorities include the Muzhabu and Tuareg.

The Kingdom of Morocco (Arabic: الملكة الغربية, The Kingdom of Morocco, Le Royaume du Maroc), abbreviated as Morocco, is a coastal Arab country in northwest Africa. It borders Algeria to the east and southeast, West Sahara to the south, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and Spain and Portugal across the sea to the north. Its capital is Rabat, with a land area of 459000 square kilometers (excluding Western Sahara, which is 266000 square kilometers). The country is divided into 12 regions (including Western Sahara) and has a population of 36.83 million people (as of 2024), with Arabs accounting for about 80%. Berbers account for about 20%. [1] [25]
The earliest inhabitants of Morocco were Berbers. Arabs entered in the 7th century AD. The first Arab kingdom was established in the 8th century. The Alawite dynasty was established in 1660 and has continued to this day. [1] Since the 15th century, Western powers have successively invaded. On March 30, 1912, Morocco became a protectorate of France. In the same year, France signed the Treaty of Madrid with Spain, designating the northern region of Morocco and the southern region of Ifni as Spanish protectorates. [1] Independence in 1956. On August 14, 1957, the country’s name was established as the Kingdom of Morocco, and Sudan was renamed as the King. In 1979, Morocco occupied Western Sahara, and its rights in Western Sahara have not been recognized by any international country, but the Arab League explicitly recognizes Western Sahara as Moroccan territory. Morocco believes that its borders of Ceuta and Melilla should be its territory, but in reality, they are under the jurisdiction of Spain. [1]
Morocco is a member of major international organizations such as the United Nations, World Trade Organization, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, as well as important regional organizations such as the Arab League, African Union, and Maghreb Union. In 2022, Morocco’s gross domestic product was 142.87 billion US dollars, with a per capita gross domestic product of 3900 US dollars and an economic growth rate of 1.3%.

Chinese name
Kingdom of Morocco [1]
Foreign Name
The Kingdom of Morocco (in English)
Le Royaume du Maroc (French)
المكة (Arabic)
abbreviation
Morocco
Belonging continent
Africa
Capital City
Rabat [1]
major city
Casablanca, Mekn é s, Fez, Tangier, Marrakesh, Agadir, etc. [1]
National Day
July 30th, 1999 [1]
National Anthem
Ode to Morocco
Country code
MAR
official language
Arabic [1]
Currency
Moroccan Dirham [1]
Time Zone
UTC+1 [2]
political system
Binary constitutional monarchy
National leaders
Mohammed VI (King), Aziz Ahnush
population size
36.83 million 25
population density
Approximately 82.7 people per square kilometer [3] 13
Main ethnic groups
Arabs and Berbers [1]
Main religions
Islam 1
land area
459000 km ² [1] (excluding 266000 square kilometers in Western Sahara)
Water area ratio
0.056%
Total GDP
142.87 billion US dollars (2022)
Per Capita GDP
3900 USD (2022)
International telephone area code
two hundred and twelve
International Domain Abbreviations
.ma
Road traffic
keep to the right
Independence Day
November 18, 1956 (Independence from France)
National Motto
Allah, country, king
national flower
carnation
The largest city
Casablanca
Main universities
Cardiiyad University, Hassan II University, etc

population
The total population of Morocco is 36.67 million people (2022), with an urbanization rate of 62.4%. The capital Rabat has a population of 600000, Casablanca has a population of 3.51 million, Fez has a population of 1.17 million, Marrakesh has a population of 1.13 million, and Tangier has a population of 980000. In recent decades, the number of Moroccans migrating to the disputed sovereignty area of Western Sahara has gradually increased, and currently the population of the region has exceeded 440000. [17]
nationality
Arabs account for about 80% of the population in Morocco, while Berbers make up about 20%.

Western Sahara (Arabic: الصحراءالغربية, Spanish: S á hara Occidental) is located in the northwest of Africa, in the western part of the Sahara Desert, bordering the Atlantic Ocean and adjacent to Morocco, Mauritania, and Algeria.
The area is a disputed region, and Morocco claims sovereignty over it. Western Sahara was once a colony of Spain in history. In 1975, Spain announced its withdrawal from Western Sahara, and in 1979, Mauritania renounced its territorial sovereignty over Western Sahara. The armed conflict between Morocco and the People’s Liberation Front of Western Sahara continued until 1991, and Morocco controlled about three-quarters of Western Sahara and built a Great Wall of Sand to prevent the infiltration of the Polisario Front. In addition, the local independent armed group, the Polisario Front, rules about a quarter of the barren area east of the region, and a total of 47 countries recognize the “Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic” led by this armed regime للجمهورية العربية الصحراوية الديمقراطية、The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic）” One of the independent Arab countries.

Chinese name
Western Sahara
Foreign Name
Western Sahara (in English)
الصحراءالغربية (Arabic)
للجمهورية العربية الصحراوية الديمقراطية [2]
District
Africa
geographic location
Northwest Africa
Western Sahara Desert
the measure of area
266000 km²
Subordinate regions
Dakhla, Smara
Government residence
Ayoun (under actual control of Morocco)
Weather
tropical desert climate
population size
500000 people [3]
GRDP
14.762 billion US dollars (2014)
National Day
February 27, 1976
National Anthem
Ah! Son of Western Sahara
Country code
EH
official language
Arabic
Currency
Biseta, Western Sahara
Time Zone
UTC
political system
presidential republic
National leaders
Mohammed Abdulaziz, Abdul Qadir Talib Omar
Main ethnic groups
Arabs, Berbers
Main religions
Islam
Per Capita GDP
2134 USD (2019)
International telephone area code
two hundred and twelve
Road traffic
keep to the right
Length of coastline
About 900 kilometers (under actual control of Morocco)

The Islamic Republic of Mauritania (Arabic: بالجمههいةالإسلامイة, English: The Islamic Republic of Mauritania, French: La R é publique Islamique de Mauritania), abbreviated as Mauritania, is located in northwest Africa, between 15 and 27 degrees north latitude, with an area of 1.0307 million square kilometers. Mauritania borders the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Western Sahara and Algeria to the north, Mali to the southeast, and Senegal to the south. The region has a tropical desert climate, with flat terrain and 2/3 of the area being desert. The capital is Nouakchott, and the country is divided into 15 provinces, with a land area of 1.03 million square kilometers and a population of 4.92 million (2023). Overall, it is divided into two categories: Moors and Black Africans. [1]
The earliest inhabitants of Mauritania were the Balfour black ethnic group, and later the Berber people from North Africa migrated to northern Mauritania. In the 7th century AD, Arabs entered Mauritania. In 1912, it became a French colony. In 1920, it became a colony under the jurisdiction of French West Africa. [1] In 1956, it became a “semi autonomous republic”, joined the French Community in September 1958, and declared the establishment of the “Islamic Republic of Mauritania” in November. It gained independence on November 28, 1960. Mauritania implemented a parliamentary system, with a bicameral parliament consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The President is the head of state, and the Council of Ministers is the highest executive and administrative body.
Mauritania is one of the least developed countries in the world. Mauritanians generally welcome distinguished guests and are accustomed to “Roasted whole lamb” as the most cordial hospitality. In 2022, Mauritania’s gross domestic product was 10.09 billion US dollars, with a per capita gross domestic product of 2330 US dollars and an economic growth rate of 4%.

Chinese name
Islamic Republic of Mauritania [1]
Foreign Name
The Islamic Republic of Mauritania [1]
La République Islamique de Mauritanie [1]
بالجمهورية الإسلامية الموريتانية
abbreviation
Mauritania
Belonging continent
Africa
Capital City
Nouakchott [1]
major city
Atal, Zuerat, etc
National Day
November 28, 1960 [1]
National Anthem
The National Anthem of Mauritania
Country code
MRT
official language
Arabic [1]
Currency
Mauritania Ouguiya [1]
Time Zone
UTC+0
political system
presidential republic
National leaders
Mohamed Oud Cheikh Ahmed Ghazwani (Head of State), Mukhtar Oud Ajay [9] (Prime Minister)
population size
4.92 million (2023)
population density
4.5 people per square kilometer (2020)
Main ethnic groups
Arabs, Haradins, Black Africans [1]
Main religions
Islam 1
land area
1030700 km² [1]
Water area ratio
0.03%
Total GDP
9.3 billion US dollars (2023)
Per Capita GDP
1937 USD (2023)
International telephone area code
two hundred and twenty-two
International Domain Abbreviations
.mr
Road traffic
keep to the right
National Motto
Honor, friendship, justice
Climate
tropical desert climate
Maximum administrative region
Tiris Zemur Province
international organization
The Arab League OIC、WTO、 the Non-Aligned Movement
Main universities
Nouakchott University

Mauritania has a current population of 4.8 million (as of 2022), which is generally divided into two categories: Moors and Black Africans (Black Africans). White Moors (of Arab Berber descent) make up 30% of the Mohr ethnic group, while Halatins (also known as Black Moors) with Arab cultural and linguistic traditions make up 40%, and African blacks make up 30%. The main Black African ethnic groups are the Tukule, Boer, Sonink, Wolof, and Bambara. Arabic is the official language and French is the common language. The ethnic languages include Hassan, Burar, Sonink, and Wolof. About 96% of residents believe in Islam. [1]
Mauritania is a multi-ethnic country that can generally be divided into two categories: Moors and Black Africans. Moors make up about 70% of the population, living in the north and central regions. Black people account for 30%, with the majority living along the southern Senegal River.