月度归档： 2025 年 5 月

The Republic of Mali (La R é publique du Mali), abbreviated as Mali, is a landlocked country in West Africa. It borders Algeria to the north, Niger to the east, Burkina Faso and Cote d’Ivoire to the south, Guinea to the southwest, and Mauritania and Senegal to the west. It is the second largest country in West Africa, with Bamako as its capital. The country has a land area of 1.24 million square kilometers and a population of 23.67 million (2023). There are 23 ethnic groups in the country, which is divided into 10 regions and 1 central jurisdiction.
It was once the central region of the Ghana Empire, Mali Empire, and Sanghai Empire. In 1895, it became a French colony and was called French Sudan. In 1904, it was incorporated into French West Africa. [1] In 1958, it became an autonomous republic within the French Community and was named the Republic of Sudan. In 1959, it formed the Mali Federation with Senegal. On September 22, 1960, it became an independent republic. The Second Republic was established in 1979, and the Third Republic was established in 1992. [1]
Mali is one of the least developed countries in the world, and agriculture, animal husbandry, and fisheries are the main potential for Mali’s economic development. In 2022, Mali’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 18.83 billion US dollars, with a per capita GDP of 833.3 US dollars and a GDP growth rate of 3.7%.

Chinese name
Republic of Mali
Foreign Name
La R é publique du Mali (French)
Republic of Mali (English)
abbreviation
Mali
Belonging continent
Africa
Capital City
Bamako [1]
major city
Kai, Kurikro, Xigaso Segu, etc
National Day
September 22, 1960 [1]
National Anthem
For Africa and for you, Mali
Country code
MLI
official language
13 ethnic languages (including Bambara, Popo, Dogon, and Minianka)
Currency
West African Franc [1]
Time Zone
UTC+0
political system
republic
National leaders
Asimi Goita (Transitional President)
population size
23.67 million (2023)
population density
16.6 people per square kilometer 5
Main ethnic groups
Bambara people, Pall people, Senufu people, Sarakauli people
Main religions
Islam, fetishism
land area
1240000 km²
Water area ratio
1.6%
Total GDP
18.83 billion US dollars 1
Per Capita GDP
833.3 USD 1
International telephone area code
two hundred and twenty-three
International Domain Abbreviations
.ml
Road traffic
Drive on the right side
Central bank
Central Bank of West African States
National Motto
One nation, one goal, one faith
Main universities
Sankor University

According to the World Bank, in 2020, the population of Mali was 20.25 million (according to data from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 20.3 million); Among them, males and females account for 50.1% and 49.9% respectively. The urbanization rate is 44%. In recent years, the population of Mali has grown rapidly. According to the latest statistics from the World Bank, the population growth rate in 2020 was 2.97%. The population structure of Mali is becoming younger, with 48.03% of the population aged 14 and below, 48.95% aged 15-64, and only 3.02% aged 65 and above. The population density varies greatly among the major regions of Mali, with the Sikasso region having the highest population in the country and the Northern Kidal region having the lowest population. The total population of the capital Bamako is 2.71 million (2020), ranking second. The cities with larger populations are Bamako, Sikasso, Segou, Koulikoro, Kaye, Kutiana, etc. In 2022, the population of Mali was 22.4 million. [1]
Mali is a multi tribal country with 23 ethnic groups, mainly including Banbara (34% of the national population), Pall (11%), Senufu (9%) and Salakale (8%).

The Republic of Niger (La R é publique du Niger) is located in central and western Africa, abbreviated as Niger. It is an inland country on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert, bordering Algeria and Libya to the north, Nigeria and Benin to the south, Mali and Burkina Faso to the west, and Chad to the east. The country has a land area of 1267000 square kilometers and a population of 27.07 million (2023). There are five major ethnic groups in the country: Hausa, Zema Sanghai, Pall, Tuareg, and Kanuri. The capital is Niamey, and the country is divided into seven regions and one regional city. [2]
No unified dynasty has ever been formed in history. From the 7th to the 16th century, the northwest belonged to the Sanghai Empire. From the 8th to the 18th century, the eastern region belonged to the Bornu Empire. At the end of the 18th century, the Pall people established the Pall Empire in the central region. In 1904, it became a French West African territory. In 1922, it became a French colony. Obtained semi autonomous status in 1957. On December 18, 1958, it became an autonomous republic within the French Community. In July 1960, it withdrew from the French Community and officially declared independence on August 3. On March 26, 2025 local time, the leader of the military government and head of state of Niger, Chanani, signed a decree promulgating the transitional charter “Niger Reconstruction Charter”, granting Chanani the title of President of Niger. [27]
Niger is mainly engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry, and is one of the least developed countries listed by the United Nations. In 2022, Niger’s gross domestic product (GDP) was 13.97 billion US dollars, with a per capita GDP of 533 US dollars and a GDP growth rate of 11.5%.

Chinese name
Republic of Niger [1]
Foreign Name
The Republic of Niger [1]
La R é publique du Niger (French)
abbreviation
Niger
Belonging continent
Africa
Capital City
Niamey [1]
National Day
December 18, 1958
National Anthem
The Song of Niger
Country code
NER
official language
French [1]
Currency
CFA Franc
Time Zone
UTC+1
political system
presidential republic
National leaders
Abdulrahman Ciani (Head of State), Lamin Zene Ali Mahaman [8] (Transitional Prime Minister and Minister of Economy and Finance)
population size
27.07 million (2023)
population density
19.1 people per square kilometer 6
Main ethnic groups
Hausa, Tuareg, and Pall tribes
Main religions
Islam, fetishism
land area
1267000 km² [1]
Total GDP
17.07 billion US dollars (2023)
Per Capita GDP
630 USD (2023)
International telephone area code
two hundred and twenty-seven
International Domain Abbreviations
.ne
Road traffic
Drive on the right side
Main universities
Niamey Comprehensive University, Islamic University

The Federal Republic of Nigeria, abbreviated as Nigeria, is a country located at 6 ° 27’N, 3 ° 24’E in southeastern West Africa, at the apex of the west coast of the Gulf of Guinea. Its neighboring countries include Benin to the west, Niger to the north, Chad across Lake Chad to the northeast, Cameroon to the east and southeast, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south. It has a land area of 923768 square kilometers and a population of 227 million (as of 2024), with over 250 ethnic groups. Its capital is Abuja, and the country is divided into one Federal Capital Region and 36 states.
Nigeria is an ancient civilization in Africa. In the 8th century AD, the Zaghawa nomadic tribe established the Kanem Bornu kingdom around Lake Chad, which lasted for over a thousand years. Starting from the 10th century, the Yoruba people established kingdoms such as Ife, Oyo, and Benin in the lower reaches of the Niger River. Around the 11th century, the Hausa tribe established seven castle kingdoms in the northern region of Nepal, also known as the “Hausa Seven States”. In the 16th century, they were conquered by the Sanghai Empire in the west. In 1472, Portugal invaded. In the mid-16th century, Britain invaded. In 1914, it officially became a British colony. On October 1, 1960, it declared independence and became a member of the Commonwealth. The Federal Republic of Nigeria was established on October 1, 1963. [1]
Nigeria is the largest oil producing country in Africa and the sixth largest oil exporting country in the world. It is a member of international organizations such as the United Nations, the Non Aligned Movement, the Group of 77, the World Trade Organization, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, the African Union, and the Economic Community of West African States. Nigeria is the largest economy in Africa, with a GDP of $390 billion and a per capita GDP of $1760 in 2023, with a GDP growth rate of 2.9%. [1]
On May 29, 2023 local time, Bora Tinubu was officially sworn in as the President of Nigeria. [6]
In January 2025, Nigeria officially became a BRICS partner country.

Chinese name
Federal Republic of Nigeria [1]
Foreign Name
The Federal Republic of Nigeria
abbreviation
Nigeria
Belonging continent
Africa
Capital City
Abuja [1]
major city
Lagos and others
National Day
October 1, 1960
National Anthem
Get Up, Nigerians Listen to the Call
Country code
NGA
official language
English [1]
Currency
Nara [1]
Time Zone
UTC+1
political system
federalism
National leaders
Bora Tinub 1
population size
227 million (2024)
Main ethnic groups
Hausa Fulani, Yoruba, Igbo
Main religions
Islam, Christianity
land area
923800 km² [1]
Water area ratio
1.4%
Total GDP
374.9 billion US dollars (2023)
Per Capita GDP
1690 USD (2023)
International telephone area code
two hundred and thirty-four
International Domain Abbreviations
.ng
Road traffic
keep to the right
The largest city
LAGOS
Main universities
Lagos University, Ibadan University, etc

The capital of Nigeria, Abuja, is located within the territory of Niger State and is a place where the small tribe of the Gewali people live. It is the intersection of Niger State, Kaduna State, Plateau State, and Kwara State, about 500 kilometers away from Lagos, and is the geographical center of the country. It is located on the southwestern edge of the central plateau, in a hilly area of tropical grasslands, with a sparse population, fresh air, and beautiful scenery.
In 1975, the Mohammed military government proposed the construction of a new capital. In October 1979, the civilian government of Shaqali officially approved the design blueprint for the new capital Abuja and began the first phase of construction. Officially relocated from Lagos in December 1991. The population is about 6 million. The average maximum temperature is 35 ℃ and the average minimum temperature is 15 ℃.
major city
Nguni, Maiduguri, Kano, Katsina, Sokoto, Zaria, Kaduna, Jos, Bauchi, Yola, Abuja, Makurdi, Enugu, Aba, Calabar, Port Harcourt, Warri, Benin City, Lagos, Iba Ibadan, Oshogbo, Ogbomosho, Ilorin

In 2020, the total population of Nigeria will be about 206 million, making Nigeria the largest country in Africa. The total labor force is about 62.24 million, accounting for 30.2% of the total population. The population distribution in Nigeria is uneven, with a larger population in the southern rainforest and northern grassland areas, especially in the southern coastal and delta regions. Although they account for 20% of the total land area, they are home to nearly half of the country’s population; The population in the central region is relatively sparse. The cities with relatively concentrated population distribution are Lagos, Kano, Ibadan, and Abuja. [4]
In 2023, the population is 222 million. [1]
nationality
Nigeria is a multi-ethnic country with more than 250 indigenous ethnic groups, including more than 20 large tribes with large population. The largest tribes are Hausa, Fulani (also known as Hausa Fulani), Yoruba and Ibo, accounting for 29%, 21% and 18% of the national population respectively. In addition, there are a small number of British, Indo Pakistani and Asian Americans in Nigeria.

The Republic of Chad, also known as Chad, is a landlocked country in central Africa. It borders Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west. The capital and largest city is N’Djamena, with a land area of 1.284 million square kilometers and a population of 18.28 million (2023, data from the World Bank). There are 256 ethnic groups in China, divided into 23 regions, 95 provinces, and 365 municipalities.
The early inhabitants were the Sa’ao people, and the ‘Sa’ao culture’ is an important component of the African cultural treasure trove. From the 9th to the 17th century AD, various Muslim kingdoms were established, including the Kingdom of Ganem Bornu, the Kingdom of Vadai, and the Kingdom of Baghirmi. In 1902, it became a French colony, and in 1910, it became a territory of French Equatorial Africa. In 1911, part of the territory was ceded to Germany in exchange for Germany’s recognition of the French “protection” of Morocco. Returned to France after World War I. It became a French overseas territory in 1946. In early 1957, it became a “semi autonomous republic”. On November 28, 1958, it became an “autonomous republic” within the French Community. Independence was declared on August 11, 1960.
Chad is an agricultural and pastoral country with a backward economy and is one of the least developed countries in the world. It is a member of African regional organizations such as the African Union, the Central African Economic and Monetary Community, the Economic Community of Central African States, the Community of Sahel Saharan States, the Niger River Basin Organization, and the Lake Chad Basin Commission. The estimated economic indicators for Chad in 2023 are a gross domestic product of 13.15 billion US dollars, a per capita gross domestic product of 719.4 US dollars, and an economic growth rate of 4.1%

Chinese name
Republic of Chad
Foreign Name
The Republic of Chad (in English)
تشاد (Arabic)
Tchad (French)
abbreviation
Chad
Belonging continent
Africa
Capital City
N’Djamena
major city
Ati, Massenia, etc
National Day
August 11, 1960
National Anthem
The People of Chad
Country code
TCD
official language
French, Arabic
Currency
Central African Franc
Time Zone
UTC+1
political system
presidential republic
National leaders
Mahamad Idris Deby
population size
18.28 million (2023, data from the World Bank)
population density
13.0 people per square kilometer 5
Main ethnic groups
Berbers, Arabs, Blacks
Main religions
Islam, Christianity, Primitive Religions
land area
1284000 km²
Total GDP
13.15 billion US dollars 1
Per Capita GDP
719.4 USD 1
International telephone area code
two hundred and thirty-five
International Domain Abbreviations
.td
Road traffic
Drive on the right side
Main universities
University of N’Djamena, King Faisal University, etc

population
In 2023, the population of Chad was 18.28 million. The population distribution is uneven, with about half of the country’s population living in the southern one-fifth of the region, and the urban population accounting for only 26.8% of the total population, making it the country with the lowest urbanization rate in Central Africa. [7]
nationality
Chad has a total of 256 major and minor tribes. The residents in the north, middle and east are mainly the Berber, Tubu, Vadayi and Bajirmi of Arab origin, accounting for about 45% of the national population; The residents in the south and southwest are mainly Sala, Massa, Cotoko and Mondang, accounting for about 55% of the national population. At present, the ruling tribe in Chad is the Zakawa tribe, belonging to President Deby, mainly distributed in the northeastern border area between Chad and Sudan, with about 20000 people.

Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian: Bosna i Hercegovna, Serbian: БоснаиХерцеговина), abbreviated as “Bosnia and Herzegovina”, has its capital Sarajevo. Located in the central western part of the Balkan Peninsula. It borders Croatia to the south, west, and north, and Serbia and Montenegro to the east. The total area is 51209 square kilometers, with an average elevation of 500 meters nationwide and a coastline of approximately 21.2 kilometers. The southern region has a Mediterranean climate, while the northern region has a temperate continental climate. Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of two entities (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska) and one special district (Brcko District). As of October 2023, the total population of Bosnia and Herzegovina is 3.53 million, mainly Bosniaks.
In the late 6th and early 7th centuries, some Slavs migrated southward to the Balkan Peninsula and settled in places such as Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the end of the 12th century, the Slavs established an independent principality of Bosnia. At the end of the 14th century, Bosnia entered its heyday. In 1908, it was occupied by the Austro Hungarian Empire. On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria Hungary was assassinated by local youth in Sarajevo, triggering World War I. In 1918, after the end of World War I, the Southern Slavic ethnic group established the Kingdom of Serbs Croats Slovenes, which was renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929 and included Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1945, the people of all ethnic groups in Yugoslavia achieved victory in the anti fascist war and established the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia, with Bosnia and Herzegovina becoming one of the republics. In March 1992, the Bosnian War broke out. On May 22, 1992, Bosnia and Herzegovina joined the United Nations.
Bosnia and Herzegovina is a developing country located in the heartland of Central and Eastern Europe, and is regarded as the “backyard” of the European Union. It is rich in various natural resources and has a high degree of economic dependence on surrounding regions and countries. The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina has caused serious damage to the economy, almost collapsing. In 2023, the gross domestic product of Bosnia and Herzegovina will be 27.22 billion US dollars, with a per capita gross domestic product of 7860 US dollars.

Chinese name
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Foreign Name
Bosnia and Herzegovina (in English)
Bosna i Hercegovina (Bosnian)
БоснаиХерцеговина (Serbian)
abbreviation
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Belonging continent
Europe
Capital City
Sarajevo
major city
Banja Luka, Mostar, Tuzla, etc
National Day
October 15th
National Anthem
《Intermeco》
Country code
BIH
official language
Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian
Currency
Convertible Mark (BAM), also known as Bosnian Mark [1]
Time Zone
UTC+1
political system
Delegation system
National leaders
Jelika Cvianovic [1] (Serbian member of the Presidium), Jeliko Kom š i ć [1] (Croatian member of the Presidium), Danis B é cherovi ć [1] (Polish member of the Presidium)
population size
3.53 million [11] (as of October 2023)
population density
68.9 people per square kilometer (as of October 2023)
Main ethnic groups
Bosnians, Serbs, Croats
Main religions
Islam, Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism
land area
51209 km² [4]
Water area ratio
0.8%
Total GDP
24.46 billion US dollars 1
Per Capita GDP
7130 USD 1
International telephone area code
three hundred and eighty-seven
International Domain Abbreviations
.ba
Road traffic
Drive on the right side
Main universities
Sarajevo University, Banja Luka University, etc

The Republic of Albania, abbreviated as “Albania”, is located in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. It borders Montenegro, Serbia, and North Macedonia in the north and northeast respectively, Greece in the south, the Adriatic Sea in the west, and Italy across the Strait of Otranto. Its land area is 28700 square kilometers. Mountains and hills account for 77% of the total area, while plains make up 23%. The forest coverage rate is 36%, arable land area accounts for 24%, and pastures account for 15%. The coastline is 472 kilometers long. It belongs to the subtropical Mediterranean climate. The rainfall is abundant, with an annual average of 1300 millimeters. The average temperature is about 5 ° C in January and 25 ° C in July. Albania is divided into 12 provinces, with 61 cities under its jurisdiction, and the capital is Tirana. As of January 2023, the population of Albania is 2.76 million, of which 98% are Albanians. The main ethnic minorities include Greeks, Romanians, Macedonians, Roma, etc. [10]
In 1190, a feudal principality was established. From 1415, it was ruled by the Ottoman Empire for nearly 500 years. Independence was declared on November 28, 1912. It was occupied by the Austro Hungarian, Italian, and French armies during World War I. The Republic was established in 1925. In 1928, it switched to monarchy and remained so until the Italian invasion in April 1939. During World War II, it was successively occupied by Italian and German fascists. The country was liberated on November 29, 1944. The People’s Republic of Albania was established on January 11, 1946, and was renamed the Socialist People’s Republic of Albania in 1976. In 1991, the country changed its name to the Republic of Albania. [10]
The transition from a planned economy to a market economy began in the early 1990s. The Albanian economy maintains stable growth. The main economic data for 2021 are as follows: Gross Domestic Product: 17.1 billion US dollars. Per capita Gross Domestic Product: 5200 US dollars. Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate: 8.5%.

Chinese name
The Republic of Albania
Foreign Name
Republic of Albania (in English)
Republika e Shqip ë ris ë (Albanian)
abbreviation
Albania
Belonging continent
Europe
Capital City
Tirana (largest city)
major city
Scutari, Durres, Farola, Korca, Feri, etc
National Day
November 28th
National Anthem
Unite around our national flag
Country code
ALB
official language
albanian
Currency
LEK
Time Zone
UTC+1
political system
Parliamentary republic
National leaders
Bayram Begai 10, Eddie Rama (Prime Minister)
population size
2.76 million [10] (as of January 2023)
population density
97.21 people per square kilometer (as of January 2022)
Main ethnic groups
albanian
Main religions
Islam, Catholicism, Eastern Orthodoxy
land area
28700 km²
Water area ratio
0.7%
Total GDP
18.9 billion US dollars (2022)
Per Capita GDP
6803 USD (2022)
International telephone area code
three hundred and fifty-five
International Domain Abbreviations
.al
Road traffic
Drive on the right side
National structural form
Unitary system
Main universities
University of Tirana

The name Kosovo (Albanian: Kosovo ë, Serbian: Косово) comes from the Serbian word for “land of the black bird”. Located on the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe, it is an autonomous province of Serbia, bordered by North Macedonia to the south, Albania to the southwest, and Montenegro to the northwest. The largest city is the capital city of Pristina. More than 90% of the population are Albanians, distributed in most parts of Kosovo, while other minority groups are mainly Serbs and Montenegrins. [1]
After the end of the Kosovo War in June 1999, Kosovo was placed under the trusteeship of the United Nations. On February 17, 2008, Kosovo unilaterally declared “independence”, which was recognized by the United States and some of its allies. However, Serbia has always insisted on its sovereignty over Kosovo, while about 90 countries including China, Russia, India, Greece, Romania, Slovakia, and Spain do not recognize Kosovo’s “independence”. [2] [42-43]
On July 22, 2010, the International Court of Justice issued an advisory opinion on the Kosovo case, stating that Kosovo’s declaration of “independence” on February 17, 2008 “does not violate international law”. On August 5, 2016, Kosovo participated in the Olympic Games for the first time.

Chinese name
kosovo
Foreign Name
Kosovo (in English)
Kosov ë (Albanian)
Косово (Serbian)
Alias
Kosovo Autonomous Province
Administrative Region Category
autonomous province
District
Republic of Serbia
geographic location
Southern Serbia
the measure of area
10887 km²
Government residence
pristina
Area Code
00383
Weather
temperate continental climate
population size
2.007 million (2019)
Famous scenic spot
Gracanica Monastery
airport
Pristina International Airport
train station
Prishtina Railway Station
Language
albanian
Serbian

Republic of Türkiye (Turkish: T ü rkiye Cumhuriyeti; English: Republic of T ü rkiye [13] [52]), or Türkiye for short, is a country across the Eurasian continent, bordering the Black Sea in the north, the Mediterranean Sea in the south, Syria and Iraq in the southeast, the Aegean Sea in the west, Greece and Bulgaria in the west, and Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Iran in the east. Türkiye’s geographical location and geopolitical strategic significance are extremely important. It is a crossroad connecting Europe and Asia. Ankara, the capital, covers an area of 783600 square kilometers, with a population of 85.66 million (2024) [52]. Türkiye accounts for more than 80%, and Kurds account for about 15%. The country is divided into 81 provinces.
In 1299, Osman I established the Ottoman Empire. On May 29, 1453, Mohammed II captured Constantinople and destroyed the Byzantine Empire. It reached its peak during the 16th to 17th centuries, especially under the rule of Suleiman I, and ruled across Europe, Asia, and Africa. Therefore, the Sultan, the monarch of the Ottoman Empire, regarded himself as the master of the world. [1] Türkiye inherited the culture of the Eastern Roman Empire and the Islamic culture, so the eastern and western civilizations were integrated here. In the 19th century, national strength began to decline. In August 1914, the Ottoman Empire joined the Allied forces in World War I and the empire disintegrated after the war. In 1919, Türkiye repelled foreign invaders under the leadership of Kemal. On October 29, 1923, the Republic of Türkiye was established. [1]
Türkiye is a candidate of the European Union, which spans Asia and Europe and implements the European model in political, economic, cultural and other fields. Türkiye is a member of NATO, a founding member of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and a member of the G20. Having a strong industrial foundation, it is one of the emerging economies in the world and also one of the fastest-growing countries in the world. In 2024, Türkiye’s GDP will be US $1.32 trillion, and its per capita GDP will be US $15463.

Chinese name
Republic of Türkiye
Foreign Name
T ü rkiye Cumhuriyeti (Turkish)
Republic of T ü rkiye [13] 52
abbreviation
Türkiye
Belonging continent
Asia, Europe
Capital City
ANKARA
major city
Istanbul, Izmir, Bursa, Adana, Gaziantep, Antalya, etc
National Day
October 29, 1923
National Anthem
The Independent March
Country code
TUR
official language
Turkish
Currency
New Türkiye lira, fractional kuru
Time Zone
UTC+3
political system
presidential republic
National leaders
Recep Tayyip Erdogan (President)
population size
85.66 million 52
population density
109.6 people per square kilometer (2020)
Main ethnic groups
Turks, Kurds
Main religions
Islam (Sunni)
land area
783600 km²
Water area ratio
1.3%
Total GDP
$1.32 trillion 52
Per Capita GDP
15463 USD 52
International telephone area code
ninety
International Domain Abbreviations
.tr
Road traffic
keep to the right
national bird
redwing
National Motto
Peace in our homeland, peace in the world
currency conversion
1 New Türkiye Lira=100 Kuru
Phonetic annotation
ㄊㄨˇ ㄦˇ ㄑㄧˊ
Main universities
Istanbul University, Marmara University

population
According to the data released by Türkiye Statistics Bureau, by the end of 2020, the population of Türkiye was 83.61 million, an increase of 459300 compared with 2019, and the annual population growth rate dropped from 13.9 ‰ in 2019 to 5.5 ‰ in 2020. Among them, the male population accounts for 50.1% and the female population accounts for 49.9%; The urban population accounts for 93%, while the rural population accounts for 7%. The population between the working age of 15-64 years old accounts for 67.7%, the population between 0-14 years old accounts for 22.8%, and the population over 65 years old accounts for 9.5%. The five most populous provinces in Türkiye (including permanent foreigners) are Istanbul, with a population of 15.46 million, accounting for 18.49% of the national population; Ankara Province has a population of 5.66 million; 4.39 million in Izmir Province; Bursa Province has a population of 3.1 million; The population of Antalya Province is 2.54 million. [14] As of 2024, the population is 85.66 million. [1]
nationality
Türkiye is 80% Turkish, 15% Kurdish (mainly distributed in the east and southeast), and other Arab, Armenian and Greek minorities.

The Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Az ə rbaycan Respublikas ı), abbreviated as Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Az ə rbaycan), is located in the southeastern part of the Transcaucasian region at the junction of the Eurasian continent. It is situated at longitude 44 ° to 52 ° E and latitude 38 ° to 42 ° N, with an area of 86600 square kilometers. Azerbaijan is divided into one autonomous republic, 66 districts, and 78 cities, with Baku as its capital. As of July 2024, the population of Azerbaijan is 10.2 million. [1]
The Azerbaijani ethnic group was basically formed from the 11th to the 13th century AD. [1] From the 11th to the 14th century, Turks and Mongolians invaded. From the 16th to the 18th century, it belonged to Iran. In the 19th century, it was annexed by the Russian Empire. The Soviet regime was established in 1917. The Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic was established in 1920 and joined the Transcaucasian Soviet Socialist Federal Republic in 1922. In 1936, it became one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union. On February 6, 1991, it was renamed the Republic of Azerbaijan and officially gained independence on October 18 of the same year.
The oil and gas industry is a pillar industry in Azerbaijan. In 2022, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) will be approximately 80 billion US dollars, a year-on-year increase of 4.6%.

Chinese name
Azerbaijan Republic [1]
Foreign Name
The Republic of Azerbaijan (in English)
Az ə rbaycan Respublikas ı (Azerbaijani)
abbreviation
Azerbaijan
Belonging continent
Asia
Capital City
Baku [1]
major city
Zhan Jia, Sumgate, Lian Kelan, etc. [1]
National Day
May 28th
National Anthem
Azerbaijan March
Country code
AZE
official language
Azerbaijani [1]
Currency
Azerbaijani Manat [1]
Time Zone
UTC+4
political system
presidential republic
National leaders
Ilham Heydar Ogre Aliyev 1, Ali Azadov (Prime Minister)
population size
10.2 million [1] (as of July 2024)
population density
122.7 people per square kilometer [2] 13
Main ethnic groups
Azerbaijanis [1]
Main religions
Islam 1
land area
86600 km²
Water area ratio
1.6%
Total GDP
Approximately 80 billion US dollars (2022)
Per Capita GDP
4721 US dollars (2018, international exchange rate)
International telephone area code
nine hundred and ninety-four
International Domain Abbreviations
.az
Road traffic
Drive on the right side
National structural form
Unitary system
Main universities
Baku National University, etc

The capital Baku is the largest city and the political, economic, and cultural center of the country. It is located in a bay on the south side of the Absheron Peninsula and is the largest port along the Caspian Sea. It is also the largest city and hub for shipping, aviation, and railways in the Transcaucasian region. The Grand Bus Depot consists of the city of Baku and 40 satellite cities (towns), with an area of 2192 square kilometers and a population of 2.3031 million (as of early 2022). [1] The population of Grand Baku has reached 1/4 of the national population and 1/2 of the national urban population.
Baku is a famous windy city with frequent winds throughout the year, especially in autumn. The summer is dry with little rainfall, and precipitation is concentrated in autumn and winter.
Baku is an ancient city with a long history and a famous city on the ancient Silk Road. Baku is known for its abundant production of oil. Driven by the petroleum industry, Baku has achieved significant development in industries such as petroleum machinery, light industry, food industry, instrument manufacturing, chemical industry, and electronics.
The second largest city, Ganjia, is located in western Azerbaijan, about 60 kilometers from the Georgian border. The permanent population exceeds 300000 people.
The third largest city is Sumgait, located 30 kilometers northwest of Baku. It is the main industrial base in Azerbaijan, with chemical industry as the main industry. The population is about 300000.
The permanent population of other cities is below 100000.

population
According to the National Statistical Committee of Azerbaijan, as of March 1, 2024, the total population of Azerbaijan was 10.1875 million. [1] The urban population accounts for approximately 53.2%. The capital city of Baku has a permanent population of approximately 3 million. The second largest city accounts for over 300000 permanent residents in Jia City; Sumgate, the third largest city with a population of approximately 300000 people; The permanent population of other cities is below 100000. The number of Chinese in Azerbaijan is relatively small, mainly concentrated in the Baku region.
nationality
Azerbaijan is a multi-ethnic country with a total of 43 ethnic groups, of which the Azerbaijani ethnic group accounts for 91.6%, the Lezgen ethnic group accounts for 2.0%, the Russian ethnic group accounts for 1.3%, the Armenian ethnic group accounts for 1.3%, and the Taresh ethnic group accounts for 1.3%.

The Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: “and” East West Air Corridor “. [1]
The area is 1.645 million square kilometers, and the coastline is 2700 kilometers long. There are many plateaus within the territory, with basins and deserts in the east. It has a continental climate, with cold winters and hot summers, and most areas are dry with little rainfall. [1] There are a total of 31 provinces in the country. The population is 88.55 million, mainly Persians, and the official language is Persian. [1] Islam is the state religion.
Iran is an ancient civilization with a history of four to five thousand years, known as Persia. In the 6th century BC, the ancient Persian Empire was at its peak. After the 7th century AD, Arabs, Turks, Mongolians, and Afghans successively invaded and ruled Iraq. [1] In the late 18th century, the Turkmen Khagana tribe in northeastern Iran unified Iran and established the Khagana dynasty. After the 19th century, Iran became a semi colony of Britain and Russia. In 1925, the Pahlavi dynasty was established. From 1978 to 1979, Khomeini led the Islamic Revolution and overthrew the Pahlavi dynasty. On February 11, 1979, Khomeini officially came to power, and on April 1 of the same year, the Islamic Republic was established, making Khomeini the supreme leader of the Iranian Revolution.
The armed forces consist of the military, Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, and security forces. The Supreme Leader is the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces. [1] Implement free education for primary and secondary schools. [1] Tehran University is the earliest and largest higher education institution established in Iran. [1]
The oil reserves rank fourth in the world, and the natural gas reserves rank second in the world. [16] The zinc ore reserves rank first in the world. [1] In 2023, Iran’s gross domestic product will be approximately 401.5 billion US dollars, with a per capita gross domestic product of 4500 US dollars. [1]

Chinese name
Islamic Republic of Iran
Foreign Name
The Islamic Republic of Iran [1]
جمهوریاسلامیایران (Persian)
abbreviation
Iran
Belonging continent
Asia
Capital City
Tehran [1]
major city
Mashhad, Isfahan, Tabriz, Abadan, Shiraz, etc
National Day
February 11, 1979
National Anthem
National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran [1]
Country code
IRN
official language
Persian [1]
Currency
toman
Time Zone
UTC+3:30
political system
republic
National leaders
Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Khamenei (Supreme Leader), Masoud Pezehizyan 41
population size
88.55 million
population density
51.68 people per square kilometer (as of September 2022)
Main ethnic groups
Persians, Azerbaijanis, Kurds [1]
Main religions
Islam 1
land area
1645000 km² [1]
Water area ratio
7.07%
Total GDP
Approximately 401.5 billion US dollars [1]
Per Capita GDP
4500 USD [1]
International telephone area code
ninety-eight
International Domain Abbreviations
.ir
Road traffic
Drive on the right side
legal system
Islamic law
political system
unification of the state and the church
National Motto
Independence, Freedom, Islamic Republic
national flower
rose
The largest city
Tehran
Central bank
Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran
Human Development Index
0.797 (65th place) – High (2019)
Main universities
Tehran University, Isfahan University

The province is the highest administrative region in Iran, with a total of 31 provinces in the country, including Ardabil, Alborz, Bushehr, Chahar Maharle Bakhtiya, East Azerbaijan, Isfahan, Fars, Gilan, Gazvin, Gulestan, Hamadan, Hormuzgan, Iram, Kerman, Kermanshah, Khorasan Lazavi, North Khorasan, South Khorasan, Khuzestan, Khokhgiluye Bouyar Ahmad, Kurdistan, Lorestan, Central, Mazandaran, Qom, Semnan, Sistan Balochistan, Tehran, West Azerbaijan, Yazd, Zand Zhan.

The population of Iran is 88.55 million. The provinces with relatively concentrated populations include Tehran, Isfahan, Fars, Khorasan Razavi, and East Azerbaijan. The population of the country is 66% Persians, 25% Azerbaijanis, 5% Kurds, and the rest are Arabs, Turkmen and other ethnic minorities.
According to data from the Iranian Statistical Center (SCI), as of March 20, 2021, the number of labor force (aged over 15) was 62.613 million, accounting for 74% of the total population, and labor force with a university degree or above accounted for 10.9% of the total labor force. The main cities in Iran, with a permanent population of over 1 million, include Tehran (7.153 million), Mashhad (2.307 million), Isfahan (1.547 million), Karaj (1.448 million), Shiraz (1.25 million), and Tabriz (1.425 million).