Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan (Turkmen: Түркменистан) is a Central Asian country where Russian is the lingua franca. [15] Located north of Iran, bordering Afghanistan to the southeast, Uzbekistan to the northeast, Kazakhstan to the northwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west, it is a landlocked country. Due to its location in the Mediterranean earthquake zone, it is often threatened by earthquakes. The population is 7.05 million (as of December 2022), with the main ethnic groups being Turkmen (94.7%), Uzbek (2%), and Russian (1.8%). The country covers an area of 491200 square kilometers and is divided into 5 provinces and 1 municipality, except for the capital city Ashgabat. [1]
In history, Persians, Macedonians, Turks, Arabs, and Mongolian Tatars have established states here. In the 15th century, the Turkmen ethnic group was basically formed. In the late 1860s and mid-1980s, some territories were incorporated into Russia (Outer Caspian Oblast). In 1917, the Turkmen people participated in the February Revolution and the October Socialist Revolution, and in December of the same year, the Soviet regime was established. On October 27, 1924, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic was established and joined the Soviet Union. On October 27, 1991, it declared independence and changed its name to Turkmenistan. Joined the Commonwealth of Independent States on December 21 of the same year. Joined the United Nations on March 2, 1992. On December 12, 1995, the 50th session of the United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution recognizing Turkey as a permanently neutral country.
Although Turkmenistan is one of the driest regions in the world, it is rich in oil and natural gas resources, and its natural gas reserves rank fourth in the world. [13] The oil and gas industry is the pillar industry of the country. In terms of agriculture, cotton and wheat are the main crops, and there is also animal husbandry (such as Akhaltemma). In 2020, Turkmenistan’s GDP growth rate was 5.90%. In 2019, Turkmenistan’s foreign trade volume was 17.998 billion US dollars, an increase of 6.03% over the previous year

Chinese name
Turkmenistan [1]
Foreign Name
Turkmenistan
abbreviation
TURKMENISTAN
Belonging continent
Asia
Capital City
Ashgabat [1]
major city
Balkannabad, Dashaguz, Tukumenbashi, etc. [1]
National Day
October 27th
National Anthem
Independence, Neutrality, National Anthem of Turkmenistan
Country code
TKM
official language
Turkmen language [1]
Currency
Turkmenistan Manat [1]
Time Zone
UTC+5
political system
presidential republic
National leaders
Sherdar Berdymukhamedov [1] 10
population size
7.05 million [1] (December 2022)
population density
12.8 people per square kilometer 9
Main ethnic groups
Turkmen people [1]
Main religions
Islam 1
land area
491200 km²
Water area ratio
4.9%
Total GDP
40.761 billion US dollars (2018, international exchange rate)
Per Capita GDP
6967 US dollars (2018, international exchange rate)
International telephone area code
nine hundred and ninety-three
International Domain Abbreviations
.tm
Road traffic
keep to the right
Neutral Day
December 12th
National Flag Day
February 19th
Main universities
National Machtumkuri University [11]

Ashgabat, the capital city, is a municipality directly under the central government. The country is divided into five states (provinces): Ahar, Barkhan, Dashoguz, Lebap, and Mareh, with 16 cities and 46 districts.
As of December 2022, the population of Turkmenistan is 7.05 million. The main ethnic groups include Turkmen (94.7%), Uzbek (2%), and Russian (1.8%). In addition, there are over 120 ethnic groups such as Kazakhs, Armenians, Tatars, and Azerbaijanis (1.5%). [1]
According to official data from Turkmenistan, the total population in 2020 was about 6 million, with a population density of approximately 12 people per square kilometer. In addition to the capital Ashgabat (about 1 million people), other cities with relatively concentrated populations include Tukumannabat, Mare, Dashoguz, etc. The main ethnic groups in Turkmenistan are Turkmen (accounting for 94.7% of the total population), Uzbek (2%), and Russian (1.8%). In addition, there are more than 120 ethnic groups such as Kazakhs, Armenians, Tatars, and Azerbaijanis (a total of 1.5%).