Indonesia

The Republic of Indonesia, abbreviated as Indonesia, is a Southeast Asian country with its capital in Nusantara. Connected with countries such as Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Covering an area of 1913578.68 square kilometers and consisting of approximately 17508 islands, it is the largest archipelagic country in the world, spanning across Asia and Oceania. It is also a country with multiple volcanoes and earthquakes. The larger islands include Kalimantan Island, Sumatra Island, Irian Island, Sulawesi Island, and Java Island. There are a total of 3 local special zones and 38 first level administrative regions (provincial level) in the country. [2]
With a population of 281 million (as of October 2024), it is the fourth most populous country in the world. [2] There are hundreds of ethnic groups, with Javanese accounting for 45% of the population. There are over 200 ethnic languages, with Indonesian being the official language. About 87% of the population believes in Islam, making it the country with the largest Muslim population in the world. [2] [38]
In the 13th and 14th centuries, a powerful empire was formed in Java, which became a Dutch colony at the end of the 16th century. It was occupied by Japan in 1942. After gaining independence on August 17, 1945, he successively armed himself against the invasions of Britain and the Netherlands, during which he was forced to change to the Federal Republic of Indonesia and join the Dutch Indian Federation. In August 1950, it was restored to the Republic of Indonesia, and in August 1954, it separated from the Dutch Indian Federation.
Indonesia is one of the founding countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the largest economy in ASEAN, and also the largest economy in Southeast Asia and a member of the G20. It has strong aerospace technology. Formally become a partner country of BRICS on January 1, 2025. On January 6, 2025, it became an official member of the BRICS countries. [52]
Implement a nine-year compulsory education system. Famous universities include the University of Indonesia in Jakarta, Kachamada University in Yogyakarta, Ailangka University in Surabaya, and Bandung Institute of Technology in Bandung. [2]
In 2024, the total GDP of Indonesia will reach 22139 trillion Indonesian rupiah (approximately 15846 Indonesian rupiah per US dollar), with a per capita GDP of 78.6 million Indonesian rupiah. [45]

Chinese name

Republic of Indonesia [2]

Foreign Name

The Republic of Indonesia； Indonesia

Republik Indonesia 17

abbreviation

Indonesia, Indonesia

Belonging continent

Asia

Capital City

Nusantara [41-42]

major city

Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, Yogyakarta, etc

National Day

August 17, 1945 [2]

National Anthem

The Great Indonesia

Country code

IDN

official language

Indonesian [2]

Currency

Indonesian Rupiah

Time Zone

UTC+7 to UTC+9

political system

presidential republic

National leaders

Prabowo Subianto [2] 34

population size

281 million [51] (October 2024)

population density

145.7 people per square kilometer 11

Main ethnic groups

Javanese, Sunda, Madurah, Malay [2]

Main religions

Islam 2

land area

1913578.68 km² [1]

Water area ratio

4.85%

Per Capita GDP

4960.3 USD 45

International telephone area code

sixty-two

International Domain Abbreviations

.id

Road traffic

Drive on the left

national bird

Eagle

national flower

Jasminum multiflorum

Gini coefficient

zero point three six eight

The largest city

Jakarta

National Motto

Bhinneka Tunggal Ika

Honorary title

Thousand Island Country

Main universities

University of Indonesia, Gajah Mada University, etc

GDP

22139.0 trillion Indonesian Rupiah 45

There are a total of 38 first level administrative regions (provinces) in the Republic of Indonesia, including three local special zones in Jakarta, Yogyakarta, and Aceh, as well as 35 provinces. There are a total of 514 secondary administrative regions (counties/cities). [2] The 35 provinces are: North Sumatra Province (capital Medan), West Sumatra Province (capital Padang), Jambi Province (capital Jambi), South Sumatra Province (capital Palembang), Bengkulu Province (capital Bengkulu), Lampung Province (capital Banda Lampung), Bangka Belitung Province (capital Penang), Riau Islands Province (capital Tanjung Pelepang), West Java Province (capital Bandung), Central Java Province (capital Semarang), East Java Province (capital Surabaya (capital Surabaya)), Banten Province (capital Seram), Bali Province (capital Denpasar), West Nusa Tenggara Province (capital Mataram). East Nusa Tenggara Province (capital Kupang), West Kalimantan Province (capital Kundian), Central Kalimantan Province (capital Palangkaraya), South Kalimantan Province (capital Machen) East Kalimantan Province (capital Samarinda), North Kalimantan Province (capital Tanjung Xerox), North Sulawesi Province (capital Manado), Central Sulawesi Province (capital Palu), South Sulawesi Province (capital Makassar), Southeast Sulawesi Province (capital Kendari), Gorontalo Province (capital Gorontalo), West Sulawesi Province (capital Mamuju), Maluku Province (capital Ambon), North Maluku Province (capital Sofifi), West Papua Province (capital Manokwari), Papua Province (capital Jayapura), South Papua Province (capital Malochi), Southwest Papua Province (capital Somuku) Long Province [21], Babuya Province (capital Dimika), Highlands Papua Province (capital Wamena) [20], and Riau Province (capital North Ganbaru).

major city
01:15
One minute to learn about Nusantara
Nusantara, the new capital of Indonesia, is located in the North Pena Champasak district of East Kalimantan province and is currently under construction. The Indonesian government plans to start relocating civil servants to the new capital in early 2025. In order to alleviate the difficulties faced by the development of the capital and promote balanced national development, the Indonesian government announced in 2019 that it would relocate the administrative capital from Jakarta to a forested area in East Kalimantan Province. The construction of the new capital, Nusantara, officially began in mid-2022 and will be developed in five stages. It is scheduled to be completed by 2045 and is expected to have a population of over 2 million after completion. [14] [39]
Jakarta, located on the northwest coast of Java Island, covers an area of 740.28 square kilometers and has a permanent population of 10.56 million. It is the political, economic, and cultural center of the country and a hub for sea, land, and air transportation. It is also a shipping center between southern Asia and Oceania. As early as over 500 years ago, Jakarta had become a famous seaport for exporting pepper and spices, known as “Sunda Graba” which means “coconut”. In 1527, it was renamed Jakarta with the meaning of victory and glory. In 1618, the Dutch colonial army captured it and renamed it “Batavia”. During World War II, the Japanese invading army occupied Indonesia until its independence in 1945, when it was renamed Jakarta and designated as the capital of the republic. In November 2024, Indonesia officially revoked Jakarta’s capital status and designated it as a special zone.
Surabaya is the capital of East Java Province, with a city area of 326 square kilometers and a population of 3.6 million. It is the second largest city in the country after Jakarta, a major naval base, and one of Indonesia’s important manufacturing, agricultural processing, and trade centers. It is also a hub for sea and air transportation on Java Island. It is known as the “City of Heroes” for its heroic resistance against Britain during the period of independence struggle.
Medan is the capital of North Sumatra Province, with a city area of 342 square kilometers and a population of approximately 1.8 million, making it the third largest city in Indonesia. Located near the Strait of Malacca, it is Indonesia’s western gateway for foreign trade and one of the main entry and exit ports for domestic and foreign tourists. The establishment of the economic growth triangle of Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand has strengthened its position as a development center for northern Jiangsu Province and northern Indonesia, promoting the rapid development of small industries such as food processing, textiles, leather products, chemicals, building materials, metals, and transportation vehicles in the city. The city is clean and tidy, with green trees providing shade and a pleasant climate. The Sultan’s Palace in the city was built in 1888.
Bandung is the capital of West Java Province and the cultural center of the Sunda ethnic group, with a population of 1.7 million. Located in a high valley, surrounded by mountains, the scenery is beautiful and the climate is pleasant. There are over 50 universities and research institutions located here, and the only aircraft manufacturing plant in the country. The famous Asian African Conference was held here, and the original site of the conference, the Independent Building, has now been converted into the Asian African Conference Museum.
Yogyakarta is located in Central Java and is one of the three provincial-level special zones in the country, directly under the jurisdiction of the central government. The city covers an area of 32.5 square kilometers and has a population of 420000. It is an important cultural and educational center in Indonesia, a showcase of Javanese traditional culture, and a famous tourist destination with world-renowned landmarks such as the Borobudur Pagoda. During the War of Independence, Yogyakarta was the first capital of the Republic of Indonesia.

276 million (as of December 2022), the fourth most populous country in the world. There are hundreds of ethnic groups, with Javanese accounting for 45% of the population, as well as Sunda, Madura, Malay, and others. [2]