Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian: Bosna i Hercegovna, Serbian: БоснаиХерцеговина), abbreviated as “Bosnia and Herzegovina”, has its capital Sarajevo. Located in the central western part of the Balkan Peninsula. It borders Croatia to the south, west, and north, and Serbia and Montenegro to the east. The total area is 51209 square kilometers, with an average elevation of 500 meters nationwide and a coastline of approximately 21.2 kilometers. The southern region has a Mediterranean climate, while the northern region has a temperate continental climate. Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of two entities (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska) and one special district (Brcko District). As of October 2023, the total population of Bosnia and Herzegovina is 3.53 million, mainly Bosniaks.
In the late 6th and early 7th centuries, some Slavs migrated southward to the Balkan Peninsula and settled in places such as Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the end of the 12th century, the Slavs established an independent principality of Bosnia. At the end of the 14th century, Bosnia entered its heyday. In 1908, it was occupied by the Austro Hungarian Empire. On June 28, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria Hungary was assassinated by local youth in Sarajevo, triggering World War I. In 1918, after the end of World War I, the Southern Slavic ethnic group established the Kingdom of Serbs Croats Slovenes, which was renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929 and included Bosnia and Herzegovina. In 1945, the people of all ethnic groups in Yugoslavia achieved victory in the anti fascist war and established the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia, with Bosnia and Herzegovina becoming one of the republics. In March 1992, the Bosnian War broke out. On May 22, 1992, Bosnia and Herzegovina joined the United Nations.
Bosnia and Herzegovina is a developing country located in the heartland of Central and Eastern Europe, and is regarded as the “backyard” of the European Union. It is rich in various natural resources and has a high degree of economic dependence on surrounding regions and countries. The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina has caused serious damage to the economy, almost collapsing. In 2023, the gross domestic product of Bosnia and Herzegovina will be 27.22 billion US dollars, with a per capita gross domestic product of 7860 US dollars.

Chinese name
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Foreign Name
Bosnia and Herzegovina (in English)
Bosna i Hercegovina (Bosnian)
БоснаиХерцеговина (Serbian)
abbreviation
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Belonging continent
Europe
Capital City
Sarajevo
major city
Banja Luka, Mostar, Tuzla, etc
National Day
October 15th
National Anthem
《Intermeco》
Country code
BIH
official language
Bosnian, Serbian, Croatian
Currency
Convertible Mark (BAM), also known as Bosnian Mark [1]
Time Zone
UTC+1
political system
Delegation system
National leaders
Jelika Cvianovic [1] (Serbian member of the Presidium), Jeliko Kom š i ć [1] (Croatian member of the Presidium), Danis B é cherovi ć [1] (Polish member of the Presidium)
population size
3.53 million [11] (as of October 2023)
population density
68.9 people per square kilometer (as of October 2023)
Main ethnic groups
Bosnians, Serbs, Croats
Main religions
Islam, Eastern Orthodoxy, Catholicism
land area
51209 km² [4]
Water area ratio
0.8%
Total GDP
24.46 billion US dollars 1
Per Capita GDP
7130 USD 1
International telephone area code
three hundred and eighty-seven
International Domain Abbreviations
.ba
Road traffic
Drive on the right side
Main universities
Sarajevo University, Banja Luka University, etc