Syria

The Syrian Arab Republic, abbreviated as Syria, is located in the western part of the Asian continent, on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea. It borders Türkiye in the north, Iraq in the southeast, Jordan in the south, Lebanon and Israel in the southwest, and Cyprus across the sea in the west. The capital Damascus. The total area is 185180 square kilometers and the coastline is 183 kilometers long. The northern region has a subtropical Mediterranean climate, while the southern region has a tropical desert climate. Arabic is the national language. As of 2023, the total population is 23.22 million, with Arabs accounting for over 80%. 85% of the residents believe in Islam and 14% believe in Christianity. [27]
Syria had primitive city-state states in existence around 3000 BC. Starting from the 8th century BC, it was successively ruled by Assyria, Macedonia, Rome, Arabia, the European Crusaders, the Egyptian Mamluk dynasty, the Ottoman Empire, and others. In April 1920, it became a French mandate. In June 1940, France surrendered to Germany and Syria was controlled by Nazi Germany. On September 27, 1941, General Jadoule, the commander-in-chief of the Free French Army, declared Syria’s independence in the name of the Allies. In August 1943, Syria established its own government and Shukri Quatli was elected as the first President of the Syrian Republic. On April 17, 1946, Britain and France were forced to withdraw their troops, and Syria gained complete independence. On February 1, 1958, Syria and Egypt announced their merger to form the United Arab Republic. On September 28, 1961, Syria announced its departure from the Arab League and established the Syrian Arab Republic. [28]
Syria is a middle-income country. The two pillar industries are agriculture and petroleum, which together account for about half of the gross domestic product. After the turbulent situation in Syria in 2011, Western and regional countries such as the United States imposed sanctions on Syria, and the economic situation became increasingly severe. In 2021, GDP was 0.98 billion US dollars.

Chinese name
Syrian Arab Republic [1]
Foreign Name
The Syrian Arab Republic (in English)
La R é publique arabe syrienne (French)
الجمههورイةال동イّة (Arabic)
abbreviation
Syria [1]
Belonging continent
Asia
Capital City
Damascus [1]
major city
Aleppo, Homs, etc
National Day
April 17th [1]
National Anthem
The Guardian of the Territory “(Homat el Diyar)
Country code
SYR
official language
Arabic [1] (common English and French)
Currency
Syrian Pound [1]
Time Zone
UTC+2
political system
presidential republic
National leaders
Ahmed Salad (President)
population size
23.22 million 1
Main ethnic groups
Arabs, Kurds [1]
Main religions
Islam [2] (Sunni and Shia)
land area
185180 km ² [27] (including approximately 1200 square kilometers of the Golan Heights occupied by Israel)
Water area ratio
1.1%
Total GDP
8.98 billion US dollars 27
Per Capita GDP
421.1 USD 27
International telephone area code
nine hundred and sixty-three
International Domain Abbreviations
.sy
Road traffic
Drive on the right side
national flower
Five leaf Silver Lotus (Ranunculaceae)
Geographical highest point
Heimen Mountain (2814 meters)
The longest river
The Euphrates River
The largest lake
Assad Lake
Main universities
Damascus University, Aleppo University, etc

As of 2023, the total population of Syria is 23.22 million. The urban population and rural population account for 54.16% and 45.84% of the total population, respectively. The employment population in the industrial, agricultural, and service industries accounts for 28.95%, 14.66%, and 56.39% of the total employment population, respectively. The population is mainly concentrated in the capital Damascus and major cities such as Aleppo, Homs, Latakia, Hama, Tartus, etc. [29]
ethnic groups
Arabs make up over 80% of the Syrian population, along with Kurds, Armenians, Turkmen, and others. Most Arab residents are concentrated in urban and rural areas such as Damascus, Aleppo, coastal regions, and other areas based on their daily lives. There are about 300000 nomadic residents (Bedouins) in Syria, mainly engaged in animal husbandry. The main tribes include Shumara, Hilabin, Bakar, and Jambur. The Kurdish people are the largest ethnic minority in Syria, mainly residing in the mountainous areas east and northeast of Aleppo. [57
]
language
Arabic is the national language of Syria. [27]
religious belief
85% of Syrian residents believe in Islam and 14% believe in Christianity. Among the Muslim population, Sunnis account for 80% (about 68% of the national population), Shiites account for 20%, and the ruling Alawites account for 75% (about 11.5% of the national population)